Functional characterization of seed coat-specific members of the barley germin gene family

Physical and genetic mapping of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) germin-like cDNAs

“…AF250934). Amino acid 86 was consistently N and not T as reported previously (12). Ten of 12 HvGER-IV clones were obtained from powdery mildewinfected leaf cDNA libraries.…”

“…Most of them were previously identified as members of the GLP subfamilies containing genes GerA and GerC (12). Fingerprinting of the BAC clones 418E1 and 677H20 identified the same pattern with eight hybridizing bands ( Fig.…”

“…They had a sequence with 85% residue identity to OXO from barley and wheat. This third OXO gene may encode the enzyme strongly expressed in the developing epicarp (12).…”

“…OXOs and GLPs have been isolated from wheat (10), barley (1,2), maize, oat, rice, and rye (11). They are synthesized with a presequence of 23 or 24 aa and targeted into the cell wall and apoplast (1,12). In contrast to advanced knowledge of the structural, cell biological, and expression features of barley and wheat germins and GLPs, less is known about their genomic organization.…”

“…Elucidation of the genomic organization of the GLP family in cereals is a prerequisite for identifying the functions of the individual family members and their utilization in breeding of cereal crops. Examples of the utility of these genes are suppression of powdery mildew infection by transient expression of individual GLPs with a constitutive promoter (18) and utilization of individual GLP gene promoters for tissuespecific expression of heterologous genes (12,19). Here we present an analysis of 173 barley GLP sequences found among the nearly 50,000 sequenced and annotated barley EST clones.…”