Functional assessment of a promoter polymorphism in S100B, a putative risk variant for bipolar disorder

Dağdan, Elif; Morris, Derek W.; Campbell, Matthew R.; Hill, Matthew; Rothermundt, Matthias; Kästner, Florian; Hohoff, Christa; Eiff, Christof von; Krakowitzky, Petra; Gill, Michael; Roche, Siobhan

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31211

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A number of previous studies have suggested that the levels of S100B protein are altered in patients with schizophrenia, with the general observation that S100B levels are increased [16,19,29,61-63]. While some controversy exists, studies suggest that medication status may alter S100B concentrations [25,31,41,43,44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia

2013

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BackgroundThe neurotrophic factor, S100B, is released primarily from astrocytes, with serum and CSF levels of S100B reported as altered in schizophrenia. However, many of these reports are contradictory. Here, serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia and influence of age, gender, medication and illness severity were examined.MethodsSerum S100B levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine. Lifestyle, metabolic and illness severity parameters were correlated with S100B concentrations.ResultsData showed raised serum levels of S100B in schizophrenia female patients, but not male patients, compared to controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between S100B serum concentrations and BMI.ConclusionsThis study supports previous findings that adipocytes may contribute to S100B serum concentrations in females, in addition to astrocytes. This study also supports the hypothesis that metabolic effects of medication, lifestyle choices and the illness itself, may be contributing factors to altered levels of S100B.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the protein level, findings suggest that S100B is increased in schizophrenia, and that these protein levels are correlated with medication, gender, age and illness severity [16,23-44]. Importantly, astrocytes express dopamine receptors (DA2Rs) and antipsychotic medications regulate the cellular release of S100B [45-48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia

2013

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“…The search elicited 40 papers of which eight were reviews. 2,9,22,32,[34][35][36][37] From the 32 non-review papers, eight were focused on genetic studies, [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] one paper was focused on the role of S100B protein as a marker of suicidality, 46 another paper focused on S100B and cerebral palsy, 47 one paper was written in Japanese and was related to the levels of S100B in healthy subjects, 48 and another was on histological distribution on S100B immunopositive glia. 13 The latter 12 studies were excluded from the present review.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

S100B and schizophrenia

Yelmo-Cruz

Fumero

Abreu-González

2013

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The research for peripheral biological markers of schizophrenia, although abundant, has been unfruitful. In the last 2 decades, the S100B protein has made its own room in this area of research. S100B is a calcium-binding protein that has been proposed as a marker of astrocyte activation and brain dysfunction. Research results on S100B concentrations and schizophrenia clinical diagnosis are very consistent; patients with schizophrenia have higher S100B concentrations than healthy controls. The results regarding schizophrenia subtypes and clinical characteristics are not as conclusive. Age of patients, body mass index, illness duration and age at onset have been found to show no correlation, a positive correlation or a negative correlation with S100B levels. With respect to psychopathology, S100B data are inconclusive. Positive, negative and absence of correlation between S100B concentrations and positive and negative psychopathology have been reported. Methodological biases, such as day/night and seasonal variations, the use of anticoagulants to treat biological samples, the type of analytical technique to measure S100B and the different psychopathological scales to measure schizophrenia symptoms, are some of the factors that should be taken into account when researching into this area in order to reduce the variability of the reported results. The clinical implications of S100B changes in schizophrenia remain to be elucidated.

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“…Although Yang et al [61, 62] did not find an association between S100B gene polymorphisms and MDD in a Chinese population, they revealed an influence on age of onset and subgroups (first-episode vs. recurrent episode depression) of MDD – A finding consistent with the dymanic glial concept of mood disorders. Remarkably, respective S100B polymorphisms are related to serum levels of this protein in healthy subjects and in patients with BD, and to messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) gene expression of S100B in the frontal cortex of healthy subjects [63, 64]. …”

Section: Serum S100b Is Elevated In Mood Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum S100B Represents a New Biomarker for Mood Disorders

Schroeter

Sacher

Steiner

et al. 2013

CDT

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Recently, mood disorders have been discussed to be characterized by glial pathology. The protein S100B, a growth and differentiation factor, is located in, and may actively be released by astro- and oligodendrocytes. This protein is easily assessed in human serum and provides a useful parameter for glial activation or injury. Here, we review studies investigating the glial marker S100B in serum of patients with mood disorders. Studies consistently show that S100B is elevated in mood disorders; more strongly in major depressive than bipolar disorder. Consistent with the glial hypothesis of mood disorders, serum S100B levels interact with age with higher levels in elderly depressed subjects. Successful antidepressive treatment has been associated with serum S100B reduction in major depression, whereas there is no evidence of treatment effects in mania. In contrast to the glial marker S100B, the neuronal marker protein neuron-specific enolase is unaltered in mood disorders. Recently, serum S100B has been linked to specific imaging parameters in the human white matter suggesting a role for S100B as an oligodendrocytic marker protein. In sum, serum S100B can be regarded as a promising in vivo biomarker for mood disorders deepening the understanding of the pathogenesis and plasticity-changes in these disorders. Future longitudinal studies combining serum S100B with other cell-specific serum parameters and multimodal imaging are warranted to further explore this serum protein in the development, monitoring and treatment of mood disorders.

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Functional assessment of a promoter polymorphism in S100B, a putative risk variant for bipolar disorder

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia

Levels of S100B are raised in female patients with schizophrenia

S100B and schizophrenia

Serum S100B Represents a New Biomarker for Mood Disorders

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