Fumigant antifungal activity of plant essential oils and components from West Indian bay (Pimenta racemosa) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) oils against two phytopathogenic fungi

Abstract

Commercial plant essential oils obtained from 26 plant species were tested for their antifungal activity against Phytophthora cactorum and Cryponectria parasitica. Good antifungal activity against P. cactorum was achieved with the essential oil derived from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and bay (Pimenta racemosa) at 28 × 10 -3 mg/ml air concentration. Inhibition rates of bay and red thyme were 69.1% and 100%, respectively, at 28 × 10 -3 mg/ml air concentration. In a test with C. parasitica, the inhibition rates of bay and red thyme oil were 75.2% and 100%, respectively, at 28 × 10 -3 mg/ml air concentration. The inhibition rate of cade (Juniperus oxycedrus) essential oil was 63.0%, but other oils were £40%. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identi¼cation of 17 and 20 compounds, respectively, in the oils of bay and red thyme. The antifungal activity of the identi¼ed compounds was tested individually using standard compounds. Phenol and alcohol compounds were generally more toxic than hydrocarbons.

Inhibitory effect of 10 natural phenolic compounds on Fusarium verticillioides. A structure–property–activity relationship study

“…Compared with other fungal species, our results are in agreement with Kim, Lee, Lee, Shin, and Park (2008), who reported a higher antifungal activity of isoeugenol respect to eugenol and of carvacrol respect to thymol on Phytophthora cactorum and Cryponectria parasítica, and also with López-Malo, Palou, León-Cruz, Stella, and Alzamor (2005), who demonstrated the following order of activities of phenolic components on the growth of Aspergillus flavus: carvacrolethymol > eugenol > vanillin. These authors concluded that the ability of different natural compounds to inhibit the (1)) applied to eight natural phenolic compounds.…”

Effects of essential oils from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants on mycelial growth and morphogenesis of three phytopathogens

“…GC and GC‐MS analyses of cinnamon, geranium, cumin, thyme, basil and lemongrass essential oils revealed that the main components of these oils were cinnamaldehyde (80.4%), citronellol (41.6%), cuminaldehyde (46.9%), thymol (39.8%), linalool (50.0%) and citronellal (20.8%), respectively. Several prior studies have demonstrated the high antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, citronellol, cuminaldehyde, thymol, linalool and citronellal in different phytopathogens . In addition, it is also possible that minor components of the various essential oils, such as γ ‐terpinene in cumin, carvacrol in thyme, β ‐caryophyllene and oestragole in basil, and so on, may be involved in exerting antimicrobial activity, acting synergistically with other active components of the essential oil, as was evident in previous studies .…”

Chemical characterization and antifungal activities of four Thymus species essential oils against postharvest fungal pathogens of citrus

“…Among the various alternatives are plant-derived compounds such as essential oils (EOs). EOs are natural, volatile, complex compounds known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and medicinal properties (Kim et al, 2008;Rhoades et al, 2013;Gilling et al, 2014;Talibi et al, 2014;Sivakumar and Bautista-Banos, 2014). The development of resistant strains of fungi against essential oils may be less likely as it is for many synthetic fungicides because several active components are often present in the EOs and synergistic interactions may exist between the different components of the oils (Tripathi and Dubey, 2003;Tripathi et al, 2004).…”