Fullerenes as unique nanopharmaceuticals for disease treatment

Abstract

As unique nanoparticles, fullerenes have attracted much attention due to their unparalleled physical, chemical and biological properties. Various functionalized fullerenes with OH, NH 2 , COOH, and peptide modifications were developed. It summarized the biological activities of fullerenes derivatives in cancer therapy with high efficiency and low toxicity, as reactive oxygen species scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus and to suppress bacteria and microbial at low concentration. In addition, the mechanism for fullerene to enter cells and biodistribution of fullerene in vivo was also discussed. This research focuses on the current understanding of fullerenes-based nanomaterials in the potential clinical application as well as biological mechanism of fullerenes and its derivatives in disease therapy. fullerene, nanoparticle, nanomedicine, clinical application, biological effect

Oxidation-induced water-solubilization and chemical functionalization of fullerenes C60, Gd@C60and Gd@C82: atomistic insights into the formation mechanisms and structures of fullerenols synthesized by different methods

“…This suggests that the reactivity upon electrophilic addition of the fullerenes decreases in the order of C 60 > Gd@C 60 > Gd@C 82 . The ∆Gs for reactions (3) and (5) decrease as compared with that of reaction (1) and simultaneously the ∆Gs for reactions (4) and (6) decrease as compared with that of reaction (2). For comparison, similar reactions of C 60 were also calculated.…”

FULLERENE C[sub]60[/sub] INHIBITED FREE RADICAL AND DESTRUCTIVE PROCESSES IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE DURING ADJUVANT ARTHRITIS IN RATS

“…Одним із перспективних шляхів у розробці такої терапії може бути застосування наночасток, які створені на основі фулере-ну С 60 (FC 60 ) [3]. FC 60 -це нова алотропна форма вуглецю, в якій 60 атомів утворюють сферичну молекулу з високою стабільністю, біосумісністю, унікальними фізико-хімічними і біологічними властивостями, які дають змогу активно приєднувати різні радикали, миттєво проходити крізь мембрану клітини без прояву цитотоксичного ефекту [4].…”

Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials

“…6.1). These derivatives present highly attractive nanomaterials for various biomedical applications [7,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In some earlier conducted studies [28], researchers concluded that functionalization of fullerene C 60 under photosensitive conditions decreases its prooxidative properties and makes it less toxic than non-functionalized C 60 [28].…”

“…However, when it is, via abiotic processes, being transformed into a better water-soluble form [381], carbon cage becomes more susceptible to biological degradation. For example, fullerenol C 60 (OH) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] can be oxidized by white rot basidiomycete fungi to CO 2 [382]. Agreggation of fullerene nanoparticles (nC 60 ) is of the utmost importance for its fate and transport in the environment [383], its production of reactive oxygen species [384], toxicity agains microorganisms [13,384], as well as for its sorption capacity of nonpolar organic contaminants (e.g., atrazine and naphtalene) [385,386] (Figure 6.5).…”