Full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ketema, Daniel Bekele; Assemie, Moges Agazhe; Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw; Alene, Muluneh; Chane, Kassahun Yawukal; Alamneh, Yoseph Merkebe; Birhanu, Molla Yigzaw; Alebel, Animut

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08940-x

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Urban children had a 3.102 times greater chance of being fully vaccinated than rural children. The finding was consistent with studies done at a national level in Ethiopia, Somalia region, Jigijiga, Mecha, and Lay Armachiho, 5 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 37 but in contrast to studies done in Pawi and Tehuledere. 23 , 28 The disparities may be due to differences in modern health service utilization between urban and rural residents, with urban residents using modern health services more than rural residents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The finding was consistent with studies done in SSA, Zimbabwe, the national level of Ethiopia, the Somalia region, and Sinana. 14 , 15 , 37 , 41 , 43 This could be attributed to differences in childcare practices, improved health-seeking behavior, and improved health-care access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, the prevalence of fully immunization coverage varies between 20.6% −91.7%. 5–8 − 10–12 – 37 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Adella

Madalicho²,

Sorsa

2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Vaccination coverage worldwide fell from 86% in 2019 to 83% in 2020. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of full immunization coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in both urban and rural Southwest Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study of sampled 644 children aged 12 to 23 months was conducted in the community (296 from urban areas and 348 from rural areas). Chi-square testing was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in full immunization coverage between urban and rural children, and binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of full immunization. This study included 635 caregivers of children aged 12–23 months (292 from urban areas and 343 from rural areas), yielding a 98.4% response rate. The overall, full immunization coverage among the whole children was 66.1%. There was a significant difference in fully immunization coverage between urban 74.3% and rural 59.2% of children (χ2 = 16.126, P = .000). Residence, wealth index, ANC follow up and fear of COVID 19 infection at health institutions were predictor variables for overall full vaccination. Knowledge and place of delivery were predictor variables for full vaccination in the urban area whereas distance and male partner involvement in the rural area. Vaccination coverage was higher in urban compared to rural areas but it is still far below the WHO recommended target. Promoting male involvement, health education, and communication are crucial for alleviating poor knowledge about child immunization.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Adella

Madalicho²,

Sorsa

2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The country's frequent measles outbreaks and high child morbidity and mortality rates may be attributed to low immunization coverage. Around 40% of Ethiopian children do not benefit from immunization [ 18 ] and similar evidence showed that 26.8% of children were at risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in eastern Ethiopia

et al. 2022

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Background Vaccine prevents about 2–3 million deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. However, immunization coverage in Ethiopia is lower than the herd immunity level required to prevent the spread of all vaccine-preventable diseases. Thus, this study aimed to assess the partial immunization and associated factors among 12–23-month-old children in Eastern Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was carried out among 874 randomly selected mothers/caregivers of children aged 12–23 months. A structured questionnaire was adapted and data were collected through face-to-face interviews and review of vaccination cards. Data were coded and analyzed using the Stata version 14 software. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to identify the determinant factors. The predictor of partial immunization was presented by an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. A p-value of < 0.05 was used to establish statistical significance. Result The prevalence of partial immunization was 31.4% (95% CI: 28–35). The dropout rate between the first and third pentavalent vaccine was 17%. Being female child [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.52–0.95], 18–20 month child [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1- 2.4], the child born to mothers who heard about vaccination [AOR = 3.9, 95%CI: 1.92- 8.01], a child born to mother who did not receive immunization counselling [AOR = 1.65, 95%CI: 1.15–2.36], and child whose mother walk 15–30 min, 31–60 min, and > 60 min to reach nearby health facilities [AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.1–3.45], [AOR = 4.5, 95% CI: 2.47–8.15], and [AOR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.59- 7.48] respectively were factors significantly associated with partial vaccination. Conclusions The prevalence of partial immunization is high compared to other studies. As a result, to decrease the proportion of defaulters and to increase immunization coverage, maternal health care utilization like antenatal care follow-up and mother knowledge about the importance of the vaccine need to be sought cautiously.

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“…Forgetfulness and being unaware of the need to return for subsequent doses were among the common reasons for nonattendance to vaccination schedules, which are remediable through appropriate reminder services [ 28 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 42 - 47 ]. Studies have shown that achieving universal coverage with all recommended vaccines requires tailored strategies that address barriers to vaccination [ 15 , 16 , 28 , 48 - 50 ]. Thus, innovative strategies are required to reach the last mile where mobile technology can be effectively utilized to augment the immunization program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders on the Completion and Timely Receipt of Routine Childhood Vaccinations: Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial in Northwest Ethiopia

Mekonnen¹,

Gelaye²,

Were³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Nonattendance at vaccination appointments is a big challenge for health workers as it is difficult to track routine vaccination schedules. In Ethiopia, 3 out of 10 children have incomplete vaccination and the timely receipt of the recommended vaccines is low. Thus, innovative strategies are required to reach the last mile where mobile technology can be effectively utilized to achieve better compliance. Despite this promising technology, little is known about the role of text message–based mobile health interventions in improving the complete and timely receipt of routine childhood vaccinations in Ethiopia. Objective This trial aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone text message reminders on the completion and timely receipt of routine childhood vaccinations in northwest Ethiopia. Methods A two-arm, parallel, superiority randomized controlled trial was conducted in 9 health facilities in northwest Ethiopia. A sample size of 434 mother-infant pairs was considered in this trial. Randomization was applied in selected health facilities during enrollment with a 1:1 allocation ratio by using sealed and opaque envelopes. Participants assigned to the intervention group received mobile phone text message reminders one day before the scheduled vaccination visits. Owing to the nature of the intervention, blinding of participants was not possible. Primary outcomes of full and timely completion of vaccinations were measured objectively at 12 months. A two-sample test of proportion and log-binomial regression analyses were used to compare the outcomes between the study groups. A modified intention-to-treat analysis approach was applied and a one-tailed test was reported, considering the superiority design of the trial. Results A total of 426 participants were included for the analysis. We found that a higher proportion of infants in the intervention group received Penta-3 (204/213, 95.8% vs 185/213, 86.9%, respectively; P<.001), measles (195/213, 91.5% vs 169/213, 79.3%, respectively; P<.001), and full vaccination (176/213, 82.6% vs 151/213, 70.9%, respectively; P=.002; risk ratio 1.17, 95% lower CI 1.07) compared to infants in the usual care group. Similarly, a higher proportion of infants in the intervention group received Penta-3 (181/204, 88.7% vs 128/185, 69.2%, respectively; P<.001), measles (170/195, 87.1% vs 116/169, 68.6%, respectively; P<.001), and all scheduled vaccinations (135/213, 63.3% vs 85/213, 39.9%, respectively; P<.001; risk ratio 1.59, 95% lower CI 1.35) on time compared to infants in the usual care group. Of the automatically sent 852 mobile phone text messages, 764 (89.7%) were delivered successfully to the participants. Conclusions Mobile phone text message reminders significantly improved complete and timely receipt of all recommended vaccines. Besides, they had a significant effect in improving the timely receipt of specific vaccines. Thus, text message reminders can be used to supplement the routine immunization program in resource-limited settings. Considering different contexts, studies on the implementation challenges of mobile health interventions are recommended. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201901533237287; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=5839

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Full vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Disparities in full immunization coverage among urban and rural children aged 12-23 months in southwest Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study

Partial vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in eastern Ethiopia

Effect of Mobile Phone Text Message Reminders on the Completion and Timely Receipt of Routine Childhood Vaccinations: Superiority Randomized Controlled Trial in Northwest Ethiopia

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