Full-length genomic sequences of new subtype 1g hepatitis E virus strains obtained from four patients with imported or autochthonous acute hepatitis E in Japan

Nishizawa, Tsutomu; Primadharsini, Putu Prathiwi; Namikawa, Masashi; Yamazaki, Yuichi; Uraki, Satoko; Okano, Hiroshi; Horiike, Shinichiro; Nakano, Tatsunori; Takaki, Shintaro; Kawakami, Manri; Nagashima, Shigeo; Takahashi, Masaharu; Okamoto, Hiroaki

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2017.10.007

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The HEV‐1 strains from cases 41 and 46 clustered together in a phylogenetic tree (Fig. S4) and were previously proposed as a new subtype, 1g . The strain from case 41 had a high level of homology with the Mongolian strain MNE‐072; however, case 41 had no history of travel abroad and, thus, the transmission route was not clear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The strain from case 41 had a high level of homology with the Mongolian strain MNE‐072; however, case 41 had no history of travel abroad and, thus, the transmission route was not clear. The strain from case 46 clustered with the strain HE‐JA14–2173, which was originally isolated from an individual from Pakistan. Case 46 was also Pakistani living in a Pakistani community in Mie Prefecture; transmission within the community was suspected as there was no history of travel abroad.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“… †Case numbers (and strains): 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31; 3 and 5; 36; 41 and 46; and 45 were previously reported by Okano et al ., Nakano et al ., Fujimoto et al ., Nishizawa et al ., and Nakano et al ., respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…None of the patients had renal impairment or extrahepatic manifestations and no patients were pregnant. 17 Nakano et al, 12 Fujimoto et al, 20 Nishizawa et al, 21 and Nakano et al, 22 respectively. ‡Cut-off values for anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgA were 0.175, 0.440, and 0.642, respectively.…”

Section: Number and Characteristics Of Cases 2004-2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changing clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus infection in Mie Prefecture, Japan: Disappearance of indigenous subtype 3e strains

Nakano

Okano²,

Takahashi

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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Aim To evaluate the clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Mie Prefecture, Japan, from 2004 through 2018. Methods The clinical information of hepatitis E cases was collected from 21 medical institutions in Mie Prefecture. The nucleotide sequences of infecting HEV strains were determined for cases with available serum samples. The origins or transmission routes were inferred from phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences. Results Fifty‐three patients were diagnosed with HEV infection. The number of cases increased each year through 2012 and then decreased. Analyses of the clinical characteristics of the cases indicated that even mild cases were detected in the latter 10 years of the study. Nucleotide sequence analyses were undertaken on 38 of the 53 cases. The HEV subtype 3e (HEV‐3e) strains identified for 13 cases were closely related to a swine HEV‐3e strain that was isolated from the liver of a pig bred in Mie Prefecture. The number of cases infected with the indigenous Mie HEV‐3e strains increased until 2012 but have not been reported since 2014. In the latter half of the study, cases involving various HEV strains of different genotypes and subtypes emerged. Conclusions The disappearance of indigenous Mie HEV‐3e strains appeared to be the primary cause for the decrease in hepatitis E cases in Mie Prefecture. The disappearance might have been associated with improved hygienic conditions on pig farms or the closure of contaminated farms. The results suggest that indigenous HEV strains can be eradicated by appropriate management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Number and Characteristics Of Cases 2004-2018mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Changing clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus infection in Mie Prefecture, Japan: Disappearance of indigenous subtype 3e strains

Nakano

Okano²,

Takahashi

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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“…Three strains shared the same ancestor with a genotype 1f strain from India (Mishra, Walimbe, & Arankalle, ). Four other strains belonged to a recently identified subtype 1g (Nishizawa et al, ), which reportedly had been imported from India to Japan. The three genotype 1f strains were from non‐residents from Bangladesh, whereas the four genotype 1g strains were from Indian individuals (three residents, one non‐resident).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seroepidemiology and genotyping of hepatitis E virus in Singapore reveal rise in number of cases and similarity of human strains to those detected in pig livers

Wong

Thean

et al. 2019

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes 20 million infections worldwide yearly, of which only about 3.3 million are symptomatic. In developed Asian countries, HEV strains detected in human sera and in food sources were genetically similar, suggesting that indigenous HEV infections may be largely food‐borne. To assess the burden of hepatitis E in Singapore, we performed a seroepidemiologic study of the infection. Additionally, we carried out HEV genotyping on archived, residual HEV IgM‐positive serum samples collected between 2014 and 2016 (n = 449), and on pig liver samples (n = 36) purchased from wet markets and supermarkets. Our study shows a rise in hepatitis E incidence (IgM) from 1.7 to 4.1 cases per 100,000 resident population from 2012 to 2016 and an increase in hepatitis E IgG positivity rate among residents from 14% in 2007 to 35% in 2016. Other findings also suggest the epidemiology of hepatitis E in Singapore has shifted, from it being mainly a disease imported from the Indian subcontinent, to one that is now increasingly prevalent in our resident population. Genotypes obtained from 143 human samples identified the majority to be genotype 3 (n = 121), 21 to be genotype 1 and one to be genotype 4. Further phylogenetic analyses suggest genotype 3a to be the cause of indigenous infections in residents, which showed genetic similarity to the genotype 3a strains detected in pig livers. This link between the strains in the majority of human samples and those in pig livers consumed by the public suggests a possible food‐borne route of HEV infection in Singapore.

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Update: proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A)

Smith

Izopet

Nicot

et al. 2020

Journal of General Virology

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264

377

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In this recommendation, we update our 2016 table of reference sequences of subtypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae) for which complete genome sequences are available (Smith et al., 2016). This takes into account subsequent publications describing novel viruses and additional proposals for subtype names; there are now eight genotypes and 36 subtypes. Although it remains difficult to define strict criteria for distinguishing between virus subtypes, and is not within the remit of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the use of agreed reference sequences will bring clarity and stability to researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians working with HEV.

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Full-length genomic sequences of new subtype 1g hepatitis E virus strains obtained from four patients with imported or autochthonous acute hepatitis E in Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Changing clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus infection in Mie Prefecture, Japan: Disappearance of indigenous subtype 3e strains

Changing clinical and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus infection in Mie Prefecture, Japan: Disappearance of indigenous subtype 3e strains

Seroepidemiology and genotyping of hepatitis E virus in Singapore reveal rise in number of cases and similarity of human strains to those detected in pig livers

Update: proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A)

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