Fucoxanthin-rich fraction from Sargassum fusiformis alleviates particulate matter-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) contributes to air pollution and primarily originates from unregulated industrial emissions and seasonal natural dust emissions. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine natural pigment from brown macroalgae that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health. However, the effects of Fx on PM-induced toxicities in cells and animals have not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the Fx-rich fraction (FxRF) of Sargassum fusiformis against PM-mediated inflammatory responses. The FxRF composition was analyzed by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fx and other main pigments were identified. FxRF attenuated the production of inflammatory components, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 from PM-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. PM exposure also reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and PGE 2 in PM-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, the culture medium from PM-exposed HaCaT cells induced upregulation of NO, iNOS, PGE 2 , and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. FxRF also significantly decreased the expression levels of factors involved in inflammatory responses, such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and cell death, in PM-exposed zebrafish embryos. These results demonstrated the potential protective effects of FxRF against PM-induced inflammation both in vitro and in a zebrafish model.

A Systematic Review on Marine Algae-Derived Fucoxanthin: An Update of Pharmacological Insights

“…Similar inflammatory gene expression was observed in UVA-induced reconstructed human skin [ 39 ]. In cultured human keratinocytes, fucoxanthin reduced COX-2, PGE2, ILO-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, iNOS, and PGE2 levels in particulate matter (PM)-induced macrophages [ 40 ]. Moreover, in PM-induced zebrafish embryos, fucoxanthin attenuated NO and ROS levels and thereby inflammation.…”

Hizikia fusiformis: Pharmacological and Nutritional Properties

“…Since seaweeds have low Fx contents (0.02–0.58% fresh weight), obtaining sufficient quantities of Fx for commercial applications is a significant challenge [ 91 ]. However, FxRF extracts, which contain Fx and other similar bioactive pigments, are easily obtained [ 8 ].…”

“…Fucoxanthin, a bioactive compound in seaweed, decreased cell viability by 60% and cytokine levels in macrophages and keratinocytes by inhibiting the MAPK pathway, indicating its therapeutic effect during inflammation. Moreover, in particulate matter (PM)-exposed zebrafish embryos, fucoxanthin significantly reduced the expression levels of factors involved in inflammatory responses and cell death, including NO and reactive oxygen species [ 8 ]. Previous reports have shown that H. fusiformis extract decreases iNOS expression and NF-κB translocation, and increases the activation of MAPKs and STAT1 phosphorylation [ 114 ].…”

“…Several compounds such as polysaccharides, fucoidan, fucosterol, and phenols with various pharmacological properties have been isolated and identified from H. fusiformis [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. These bioactive compounds show anti-inflammatory [ 8 ], antioxidant [ 9 ], antitumor [ 10 ], immunomodulatory [ 11 ], and protective effects against osteo-disease [ 12 , 13 ]. Among the various bioactive compounds found in seaweed, phenolic compounds have attracted the most interest.…”

Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract attenuates particulate matter 2.5-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses by blocking the activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway

“…Recently, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ), which have great advantages as an in vivo animal model, is widely used as a powerful vertebrate animal model for the study of human diseases [ 53 54 ]. In particular, since PM-stimulated zebrafish exhibit inflammatory and oxidative reactions similar to those of mammals, and is recognized as an optimal in vivo model for evaluating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of various drugs [ 55 56 57 58 59 ]. Since in vivo experiments can provide a better understanding of efficacy assessment at the organism level, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of SF identified in macrophages was further confirmed in the zebrafish model.…”