Frontal Lobotomy and Electrical Stimulation of Orbital Surface of Frontal Lobes

Abstract

has been the identification of areas in the cerebral cortex which modify activity of the autonomic nervous system. In view of the striking changes which take place in autonomic activity as a result of emotion, it is logical to assume that such areas are present. As a result of experimental work on animals and clinical observations on man, at present there appear to be four areas of the cerebral cortex which play a role in the regulation of autonomic activity. They are the motor areas 4 and 6, the anterior part of the cingulate gyrus (area 24), area 8 of the frontal lobe and the orbital surface of the frontal lobe.1 Lesions of areas 4 and 6 of the cerebral cortex in monkeys and in man are associated with an alteration in vasomotor activity.2 By electrical stimulation of the motor cortex of the cat and monkey, Hoff and Green 3 were able to produce an elevation in blood pressure. A cessation of breathing, a decrease in heart rate and both a fall and an elevation of blood pressure from stimulation of the anterior part of the cingulate gyrus in the monkey have been demonstrated by

Altered Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity in People With Epilepsy

“…These findings support the role of thalamus, insula and putamen in autonomic control, as shown in previous studies (17,20,30,53), and add roles for the temporal gyrus whose role in cardiac regulation has been recently suggested (29,37). Despite the well-established association of activity in amygdala with heart rate fluctuations in task-based experiments (17, 54), no association was observed here.…”

Altered Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity in People With Epilepsy

“…These findings support the role of thalamus, insula and putamen in autonomic control, as shown in previous studies (17,20,30,53), and add roles for the temporal gyrus whose role in cardiac regulation has been recently suggested (29,37). Despite the well-established association of activity in amygdala with heart rate fluctuations in task-based experiments (17, 54), no association was observed here.…”

Emotional reactivity following surgery to the prefrontal cortex

“…These results support those of neuroanatomical studies that reported OFC connections to autonomic control areas including the hypothalamus and brainstem (reviewed in Rempel‐Clower, ; Rolls, ). These results are also consistent with human studies that found autonomic changes following OFC stimulation (Chapman, Livingston, & Livingston, ; Livingston, Chapman, & Livingston, ), and functional neuroimaging studies that reported correlations between OFC activation and HR (Wager et al ., ) and HRV during emotion elicitation (Lane, Reiman, Ahern, & Thayer, ).…”

The incidence and significance of periictal apnea in epileptic seizures

“…Thus, ICA presence and ICA duration may not only help distinguish focal epilepsies, they may enhance localization to the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe symptomatogenicity for ICA is in concordance with direct electrical cortical stimulation studies in humans that point to highly reproducible apneic responses with 14, 15 low intensity, unilateral (left or right) amygdalar and hippocampal stimulation. 5, 6, 16 Although seizure spread to bilateral temporal structures has been considered necessary to produce ICA, these unilateral stimulation experiments, and the focal, unilateral ictal discharges at the time of ICA in many of our patients, suggest that such spread is not always the case.…”

Altered Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity in People With Epilepsy

“…These findings support the role of thalamus, insula and putamen in autonomic control, as shown in previous studies (17,20,30,53), and add roles for the temporal gyrus whose role in cardiac regulation has been recently suggested (29,37). Despite the well-established association of activity in amygdala with heart rate fluctuations in task-based experiments (17, 54), no association was observed here.…”

Emotional reactivity following surgery to the prefrontal cortex

“…These results support those of neuroanatomical studies that reported OFC connections to autonomic control areas including the hypothalamus and brainstem (reviewed in Rempel‐Clower, ; Rolls, ). These results are also consistent with human studies that found autonomic changes following OFC stimulation (Chapman, Livingston, & Livingston, ; Livingston, Chapman, & Livingston, ), and functional neuroimaging studies that reported correlations between OFC activation and HR (Wager et al ., ) and HRV during emotion elicitation (Lane, Reiman, Ahern, & Thayer, ).…”

The incidence and significance of periictal apnea in epileptic seizures

“…Thus, ICA presence and ICA duration may not only help distinguish focal epilepsies, they may enhance localization to the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe symptomatogenicity for ICA is in concordance with direct electrical cortical stimulation studies in humans that point to highly reproducible apneic responses with 14, 15 low intensity, unilateral (left or right) amygdalar and hippocampal stimulation. 5, 6, 16 Although seizure spread to bilateral temporal structures has been considered necessary to produce ICA, these unilateral stimulation experiments, and the focal, unilateral ictal discharges at the time of ICA in many of our patients, suggest that such spread is not always the case.…”

Altered Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity in People With Epilepsy

“…These findings support the role of thalamus, insula and putamen in autonomic control, as shown in previous studies (17,20,30,53), and add roles for the temporal gyrus whose role in cardiac regulation has been recently suggested (29,37). Despite the well-established association of activity in amygdala with heart rate fluctuations in task-based experiments (17, 54), no association was observed here.…”

Emotional reactivity following surgery to the prefrontal cortex

“…These results support those of neuroanatomical studies that reported OFC connections to autonomic control areas including the hypothalamus and brainstem (reviewed in Rempel‐Clower, ; Rolls, ). These results are also consistent with human studies that found autonomic changes following OFC stimulation (Chapman, Livingston, & Livingston, ; Livingston, Chapman, & Livingston, ), and functional neuroimaging studies that reported correlations between OFC activation and HR (Wager et al ., ) and HRV during emotion elicitation (Lane, Reiman, Ahern, & Thayer, ).…”

The incidence and significance of periictal apnea in epileptic seizures

“…Thus, ICA presence and ICA duration may not only help distinguish focal epilepsies, they may enhance localization to the temporal lobe. Temporal lobe symptomatogenicity for ICA is in concordance with direct electrical cortical stimulation studies in humans that point to highly reproducible apneic responses with 14, 15 low intensity, unilateral (left or right) amygdalar and hippocampal stimulation. 5, 6, 16 Although seizure spread to bilateral temporal structures has been considered necessary to produce ICA, these unilateral stimulation experiments, and the focal, unilateral ictal discharges at the time of ICA in many of our patients, suggest that such spread is not always the case.…”