From the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain to the XD and XE variants: is targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein still a pharmaceutically relevant option against COVID-19?

Pavan, Matteo; Bassani, Davide; Sturlese, Mattia; Moro, Stefano

doi:10.1080/14756366.2022.2081847

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) was the first labeled variant of concern (VOC) with 29% increased transmissibility and signs of immune escape [ 33 ]. Followed the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), which rapidly became the dominant strain in the world, thanks to 97% increased transmissibility and significant immune escape effect [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. In Bulgaria, alpha VOC was detected in June 2020 and dominated during the period of the second and the third wave until 2021, when Delta was detected for the first time [ 37 ] and was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality during the fourth and fifth wave.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2023

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Immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is key for establishing herd immunity and limiting the spread of the virus. The duration and qualities of T-cell-mediated protection in the settings of constantly evolving pathogens remain an open question. We conducted a cross-sectional study of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses at several time points over 18 months (30–750 days) post mild/moderate infection with the aim to identify suitable methods and biomarkers for evaluation of long-term T-cell memory in peripheral blood. Included were 107 samples from 95 donors infected during the periods 03/2020–07/2021 and 09/2021–03/2022, coinciding with the prevalence of B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) variants in Bulgaria. SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ+ T cells were measured in ELISpot in parallel with flow cytometry detection of AIM+ total and stem cell-like memory (TSCM) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after in vitro stimulation with peptide pools corresponding to the original and delta variants. We show that, unlike IFNγ+ T cells, AIM+ virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ TSCM are more adequate markers of T cell memory, even beyond 18 months post-infection. In the settings of circulating and evolving viruses, CD8+ TSCM is remarkably stable, back-differentiated into effectors, and delivers immediate protection, regardless of the initial priming strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2023

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“…In recent a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2 200060292), Xu et al [96] demonstrated that treatment with Reyanning (RYN) mixture accelerated virus clearance and promoted disease recovery in patients with asymptomatic and mild Omicron infections, and disease progression or serious adverse events were not observed. Pavan et al [97] analysed the structural features of the S protein and Main Protease (Mpro) of XE, XD, and XF, and proposed the development of pan-coronaviral drugs that could prevent future coronavirus-associated pandemics. Given that some antiviral drugs can lose activity against circulating BA.5, COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy will need to be revisited as a reliable therapeutic strategy in specific patient populations [98].…”

Section: Current Therapeutics Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 recombinants and emerging Omicron sublineages

et al. 2023

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The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is currently the predominant circulating variant in the COVID-19 pandemic. The dominating Omicron sublineages respond to host immune pressure and develop advantageous mutations or genetic recombination, which result in variants that are more contagious or better at escaping immune responses in response to previous infection or vaccination. Meanwhile, multiple genetic recombination events have been reported in coinfection cases, the majority of which have resulted from the recombination between co-circulating Omicron BA.1 (or BA.1.1) and Delta variant or BA.2. Here, we review the knowledge and characterization of recombination for SARS-CoV-2 at the population level, provide an update on the occurrence of newly circulating Omicron sublineages, and discuss the effectiveness of novel vaccines/therapeutic drugs against the Omicron variant.

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“…Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are exceptionally dangerous viruses that have been observed to spread from bats to people via intermediate hosts such as palm civets and dromedary camels (Guan et al 2003 ; Azhar et al 2014 ). Owing to the first reported sequence of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, the reference variant has been named Wuhan-Hu-1 (Pavan et al 2022 ). The same nomenclature has been used in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the transmission feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant to 143 mammalian hosts: insights from S protein RBD and host ACE2 interaction studies

Samanta

Alam

Ali

et al. 2023

Funct Integr Genomics

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In comparison to previously known severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the newly emerged Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant shows higher infectivity in humans. Exceptionally high infectivity of this variant raises concern of its possible transmission via other intermediate hosts. The SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is established via the association of spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) with host angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. In the course of this study, we investigated the interaction between Omicron S protein RBD with the ACE2 receptor of 143 mammalian hosts including human by protein–protein interaction analysis. The goal of this study was to forecast the likelihood that the virus may infect other mammalian species that coexist with or are close to humans in the household, rural, agricultural, or zoological environments. The Omicron RBD was found to interact with higher binding affinity with the ACE2 receptor of 122 mammalian hosts via different amino acid residues from the human ACE2 (hACE2). The rat ( Rattus rattus ) ACE2 was found to show the strongest interaction with Omicron RBD with a binding affinity of -1393.6 kcal/mol. These distinct strong binding affinity of RBD of Omicron with host ACE2 indicates a greater potential of new host transmissibility and infection via intermediate hosts. Though expected but the phylogenetic position of the mammalian species may not dictate the Omicron RBD binding to the host ACE2 receptor suggesting an involvement of multiple factors in guiding host divergence of the variant. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10142-023-00962-z.

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From the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain to the XD and XE variants: is targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein still a pharmaceutically relevant option against COVID-19?

Cited by 19 publications

References 88 publications

Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2

Virus-Specific Stem Cell Memory CD8+ T Cells May Indicate a Long-Term Protection against Evolving SARS-CoV-2

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 recombinants and emerging Omicron sublineages

Evaluating the transmission feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant to 143 mammalian hosts: insights from S protein RBD and host ACE2 interaction studies

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