From the third month of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Prevalence, incidence, recurrence, and new onset of depression. Results from the Perinatal Depression–Research &amp; Screening Unit study

Banti, S.; Mauri, Mauro; Oppo, Annalisa; Borri, C.; Rambelli, C.; Ramacciotti, D.; Montagnani, M.S.; Camilleri, V.; Cortopassi, Sonia; Rucci, Paola; Cassano, Giovanni B.

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.003

Cited by 250 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The prevalence of episodic major depression and mild depression symptoms were highest in the second trimester, which affirms previous research that depression decreases as pregnancy advances [26,27]. Previous literature has demonstrated that anxiety can vary during pregnancy [3,4], our study was no different with between 38.5% and 47.5% of participants experiencing anxiety symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications

Bowen¹

2015

Arch Depress Anxiety

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Background: Depression occurs in approximately 20% of pregnant women, with up to 25% experiencing anxiety. Various pregnancy and labour complications have been associated with maternal mood problems.Methods: This population study of antenatal and early postpartum depression and maternal, child outcomes involved 649 women assessed three times: the second trimester, the third trimester, and in the early postpartum. Our objective was to determine the occurrence and outcomes on pregnancy and labour of major and mild depression.Results: Major depression in the second trimester was significantly associated with developing gestational diabetes and swelling/edema. Major depression that occurred continuously throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with induced labour and antenatal bleeding/abruption. Mild depression in the second trimester was significantly associated with antenatal bleeding/abruption and premature rupture of the membranes. Mild depression in the third trimester was associated with caesarean birth. Mild depression that occurred continuously throughout pregnancy was significantly associated with the use of vacuum/forceps or operative delivery. Conclusions:Our findings show that either episodic depression or mild depression can have significant negative impact on pregnancy and labour complications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications

Bowen¹

2015

Arch Depress Anxiety

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“…For example, at their peak, oestrogen levels are 30 times higher in pregnancy than during the menstrual cycle and cortisol levels in pregnancy are as high as in major depressive disorders (Glynn, 2012). The hormonal rise throughout pregnancy may promote the emergence of somatic and depressive symptoms (Lommatzsch et al, 2006;Banti et al, 2011), but there are surprisingly few studies that systematically assess changes Rita T. Amiel Castro and Claudia Pinard Anderman contributed equally to this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associated symptoms of depression: patterns of change during pregnancy

Castro

Anderman

Glover

et al. 2017

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Little is known about the natural course of depressive symptoms and associated features throughout pregnancy. We examined the course of some psychological and somatic symptoms in each month of pregnancy in a normative sample. A consecutive, unselected sample of women (N = 374) were interviewed retrospectively at 6 weeks postpartum with the Structured Clinical Interview (DSM-IV). Women were asked whether they had experienced each symptom at any time during pregnancy and the occurrence of the symptom for each month of pregnancy. Associated symptoms of depression showed complex changes across pregnancy. Depressed mood (F(df) = 5.15(1); p = 0.02) showed a quadratic pattern with elevations at the beginning and end of pregnancy. Both linear increases ( a ) and quadratic ( b ) changes over time were observed for sensitivity to criticism (F a (df) = 20.9(1), p a = 0.00; F b (df) = 7.02(1), p b = 0.00), lack of concentration (F a (df) = 37.0(1), p a = 0.00; F b (df) = 10.3(1); p b = 0.00), decreased energy (F a (df) = 13.4(1); p a = 0.00; F b (df) = 62.6(1); p b = 0.00) and feelings of heavy limbs (F a (df) = 92.9(1); p a = 0.00; F b (df) = 67.7(1); p b = 0.00). Only guilt (F(df) = 0.00(1); p = 0.93) showed no significant change over pregnancy. Psychological symptoms changed throughout pregnancy as much as somatic symptoms. A linear increase was found for most symptoms, but significant non-linear changes were also found. The discrepancy between the patterns of depressed mood and most somatic and psychological symptoms suggest complex interactions and potentially important implications for assessment and monitoring treatment.

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“…The discrepancy is due in part to varying definitions of the disorder, different conceptualizations of the postpartum time period, and varying assessment and diagnostic approaches (Banti et al, 2011). Although the rates vary, much of the existing research indicates that up to 25% of new mothers experience postpartum depression (Gaynes et al, 2005;Schaar, 2012).…”

Section: The Varying Rates Of Postpartum Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Depression and the Affordable Care Act: Recommendations for Social Work Educators

Keefe

Brownstein-Evans

Lane

et al. 2016

ASW

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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) mandates ongoing research on postpartum depression; however, very little research has been published in social work journals and in advanced-level textbooks on this topic. This article describes the problem of postpartum depression and argues that social work educators and researchers must pay greater attention to this issue in light of the ACA mandates, so that social workers can provide effective services to postpartum mothers and their children. The Council on Social Work Education's recently published Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards are considered while making curriculum recommendations on postpartum depression for social work educators. Keywords: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, maternal and child health, postpartum depression, perinatal mood disorders, social work educationApproximately six million pregnancies occur in the United States each year, and up to 25% of the mothers develop postpartum depression (Gaynes et al., 2005;Schaar, 2012). Mothers with postpartum depression typically experience sadness; loss of interest in activities; noticeable changes in eating and sleeping patterns; problems in thinking, concentrating, and making decisions; feelings of worthlessness, shame, or guilt; thoughts of harming themselves (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2013); and increased need for psychiatric hospitalizations for depression and suicidality (Georgiopoulos, Bryan, Wollan, & Yawn, 2001;Kennedy, Beck, & Driscoll, 2002;Lucero, Beckstrand, Callister, & Sanchez Birkhead, 2012). The symptoms are persistent, eventually affecting not only the mother but her infant, spouse/partner, and extended family as well (Letoruneau, Tramonte, & Willms, 2013;Ngai & Ngu, 2015).Babies born to mothers with postpartum depression often develop numerous longstanding problems including decreased cognitive skills (McGarry, Kim, Sheng, Egger, & Baksh, 2009), poor attention (Ramchandani, Stein, Evans, O'Connor, & the ALSPAC Study Team, 2005, and social withdrawal (Boyd, Zayas, & McKee, 2006). The fathers complain of feeling left out and less satisfied in their relationship with the mother (Mitnick, Heyman, & Slep, 2009). Keefe et al./POSTPATUM DEPRESSION 203 Unlike symptoms of major depressive disorder, which manifest within two weeks of the precipitating stressors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), symptoms of postpartum depression may not become evident until several months after the mother has given birth (Chaudron et al., 2010;Parade, Blankson, Leerkes, Crockenberg, & Faldowski, 2014). Consequently, practitioners may avoid giving a diagnosis of postpartum depression due to what they perceive as the late onset of symptoms.Moreover, social work journals provide practitioners with limited guidance on postpartum depression. We searched various social work databases for articles published in social work journals focusing on perinatal mood disorders published between the years 1980 to 2015. The search resulted in 101 published articles of...

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From the third month of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Prevalence, incidence, recurrence, and new onset of depression. Results from the Perinatal Depression–Research & Screening Unit study

Cited by 250 publications

References 33 publications

The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications

The Effects of Episodic Versus Continuous and Major Versus Mild Depression and Anxiety Symptoms on Pregnancy and Labour Complications

Associated symptoms of depression: patterns of change during pregnancy

Postpartum Depression and the Affordable Care Act: Recommendations for Social Work Educators

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