From the gene to the globe: Extracting rents based on intellectual property monopolies

Zeller, Christian

doi:10.1080/09692290701751316

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They were encouraged by the reinforced role of the USTR and its sympathetic stance towards industry concerns" (Sell, 2002:174) This strategy quickly led to the conclusion of several bilateral agreements that included strong (US standards) IP protection clauses: South Korea in 1987, Chile in 1990 and Thailand in 1992. These examples clearly show the ways in which the collusion of state and corporations allowed local, bilateral and multilateral actions in order to foster intellectual property rights protection: the domestic lobbying of US corporations led to (1) the transformation of US legislation on IP, (2) bilateral pressure on trading partners from the USTR, (3) the conclusion of the TRIPs Agreement signature in Marrakech in April 1994 (Zeller, 2008). Although the role of the United States was essential in the process that led to the TRIPs, the agreement would have certainly never come into being without the strong support of other Northern countries.…”

Section: States Corporations and Global Institutions In The Construcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Property Monopolies: Towards a New Mercantilism

Dolcerocca

2016

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The agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs), signed within the GATT framework in 1994, set the international standards and objectives for the protection of intellectual property. Although the agreement was very favorable to western intellectual property oriented firms, the few concessions to developing countries, such as a ten-years delay to implement harsher intellectual property regulations, left some core country corporations dissatisfied. Indeed, as soon as the TRIPs agreement was signed, intellectual property firms, along with and via their respective states, started pushing for harsher intellectual property legislations in bilateral Free Trade Agreements, thus bypassing global regulations. Drawing from the debate on the state and globalization, as well as the question on the relation between intellectual property and capital accumulation, this paper exposes the new collusions between state and capital that rendered possible the emergence of strong intellectual property protection legislations virtually all over the globe, and proposes to interpret that evolution as a signal telling of the new functioning of the world economy. The author makes the case that one can define the current intellectual property regime as a mercantilist system in which states, far from losing power against the growing internationalization of economic regulations, put their capacities in service of "their" intellectual property-intensive corporations. In conclusion, the author suggests a further research agenda in which intellectual property issues can provide a window into our understanding of current trends in the workings of the world economy.Keywords: Intellectual Property, State and Globalization, Monopoly Rent, Mercantilism, Free Trade Agreements. Fikri Mülkiyet Tekelleri: Yeni Bir Merkantilizm mi?Öz 1994'te Gümrük Tarifeleri ve Ticaret Genel Anlaşması (GATT) çerçevesinde imzalanan Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması (TRIPs) fikri mülkiyetin korunmasıyla ilgili uluslararası standart ve hedefleri ortaya koyar. Bu anlaşma fikri mülkiyet hakları odaklı şirketlerinin lehine olmasına Antoine DOLCEROCCA 218 rağmen, ağır hükümler içeren fikri mülkiyet düzenlemelerinin on yıl ertelenmesi gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelere tanınan az sayıdaki taviz merkez ülkelerindeki bazı şirketleri memnun etmemişti. Bu nedenle de fikri mülkiyet şirketleri, Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması imzalanır imzalanmaz, bulundukları ülkeler kanalıyla küresel düzenlemeleri atlatarak Serbest Ticaret Anlaşmaları'yla daha sert hükümler içeren fikri mülkiyet düzenlemeleri için bastırmaya başladılar. Fikri mülkiyet ve sermaye birikimi arasındaki ilişkinin yanı sıra devlet ve küreselleşme üzerindeki tartışmalardan yola çıkarak, bu makale güçlü fikri mülkiyet hakkı mevzuatlarını tüm dünyada mümkün kılan devlet ve sermaye arasındaki ortaklıkları ortaya çıkaracak ve bu evrimin dünya ekonomisinin yeni işleyişi hakkında bir sinyal olarak yorumlamayı önerecektir. Yazar, mevcut fikri mülkiyet rejimini, ...

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Section: States Corporations and Global Institutions In The Construcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Property Monopolies: Towards a New Mercantilism

Dolcerocca

2016

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“…Dazu zählen auch Prozesse der Einhegung, Aneignung sowie Inwertsetzung natürlicher Ressourcen (Zeller 2010(Zeller , 2011. Die Verwertung dieser eingehegten natürlichen Ressourcen erfolgt wiederum durch die Erzielung von Renten, also von Einkommen auf der Grundlage von Eigentumsrechten 4 (Zeller 2008(Zeller , 2011.…”

Section: Landnahme Einhegung Akkumulation Durch Enteignungunclassified

Das UN-Tiefseebergbauregime als Beispiel für die Einhegung, Aneignung und Inwertsetzung des Common Heritage of Mankind

Brocza¹,

Brocza²

2014

Journal Für Entwicklungspolitik

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“…This law allowed the granting of patents and the commercialization of publicly funded research developed in American universities. The Bay-Dohle act also made possible an extension of intellectual property rights in new fields where commercial monopoly was traditionally forbidden in the name of open science, for example information technology or the study of living beings (Zeller 2008).…”

Section: The Commodification Of Information and The New Knowledge Promentioning

confidence: 99%

University Transformations and the New Knowledge Production Regime in Informational Capitalism

Ouellet¹,

Martin²

2018

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This article examines undergoing transformations in universities in the context of the structural crisis of capitalism, which began more than 40 years ago. This crisis is at the heart of one of the main contradictions of capitalism: while capital needs living labour to produce value, the dynamic of accumulation requires the replacement of human labour by machines. We will show how capital attempts to overcome this contradiction by modifying the nature of knowledge, learning institutions and human beings to turn them into productive investments, whose profitability can be measured. The contemporary mutations of universities are linked to the globalization, financialization and commodification of knowledge. We also observe transformations in universities' institutional arrangements and in individual human consciousness. Our perspective combines institutionalist political economy and Marxian critique of value, showing how material, institutional and cultural transformations are dialectically articulated in a new form of social regulation. We will show how there is a complementarity between the transformations of political, economic and learning institutions and their linkage with a new mode of knowledge production. The general goal being that advanced mastery of knowledge and information will increase the efficiency of the technological and economic system and its endless acceleration.Keywords: Informational Capitalism, Value Theory, University, Globalization, Financialization, Commodification of Knowledge The purpose of this article is to analyse ongoing transformations within higher learning institutions in the context of the structural crisis that has plagued capitalism in the last 40 years. This crisis is at the heart of one of the main contradictions of capitalism: while capital needs living labour to produce value, the dynamic of accumulation requires the replacement of human labour by machines (Postone 1999;McChesney and Nichols 2016). We will show how capital seeks to overcome this contradiction by altering the nature of knowledge and human beings to transform them into productive investments whose profitability can be measured. We will show how the mutations of contemporary capitalism, described by some as informational (Castells 1996) or as cognitive capitalism (Hardt and Negri 2000), characterised by globalization, financialisation and the commodification of knowledge, are linked to institutional transformations within universities and changes in human consciousness. From a perspective combining both the institutionalist political economy (Mirowski 2011) and the Marxist critique of value (Postone 1993), we will see how material, institutional and cultural transformations are dialectically articulated within a new mode of social regulation. It is important to describe the complementarity between transformations of political, economic and educational institutions, as well as their common belonging to a

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From the gene to the globe: Extracting rents based on intellectual property monopolies

Cited by 104 publications

References 28 publications

Intellectual Property Monopolies: Towards a New Mercantilism

Intellectual Property Monopolies: Towards a New Mercantilism

Das UN-Tiefseebergbauregime als Beispiel für die Einhegung, Aneignung und Inwertsetzung des Common Heritage of Mankind

University Transformations and the New Knowledge Production Regime in Informational Capitalism

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