From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Coatings: Advances in  the Synthesis and Nanobio Applications of Polymer Brushes

Kim, Myungwoong; Schmitt, Samantha K.; Choi, Jonathan W.; Krutty, John D.; Gopalan, Padma

doi:10.3390/polym7071346

Cited by 112 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(260 reference statements)

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“…Among a number of approaches, a simple but effective and efficient means to bring desired functionality is a copolymerization, i.e ., a polymerization of two or more monomers in a batch to form copolymer chains. Consequential physical and chemical properties can be tuned by incorporating a controlled amount of functional monomers into the copolymer chains where the properties of homopolymers of comonomers are combined . Due to the simplicity and structural predictability, the use of copolymerization for a number of industrial applications can be commonly found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization Kinetics of a Simple Methacrylate and Functional Comonomers Via Cu(0)‐mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Kim

Choe

Son

et al. 2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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We demonstrate thorough studies on copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with widely used commercially available functional monomers, allyl methacrylate (AMA), 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), via Cu(0)‐mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Cu(0)‐RDRP), and further compared to copolymerization kinetics of MMA with ethyl methacrylate (EMA). The apparent propagation rate constants and induction periods of the copolymerizations were estimated to reveal the effect of monomer type to copolymerization kinetics. Further studies show that MMA/AMA and MMA/HEMA exhibit relatively random distributions of functional monomer units in copolymer chains; however, MMA/NIPAM does not as activated MMA and NIPAM prefer homopolymerization and crosspolymerization, respectively. Copolymerization conditions for all pairs show less reactivity differences compared to the cases of other radical‐based polymerizations, highlighting the importance of polymerization methods and conditions to control copolymer microstructure, and emphasizing the significance of deeper understanding in RDRPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copolymerization Kinetics of a Simple Methacrylate and Functional Comonomers Via Cu(0)‐mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Kim

Choe

Son

et al. 2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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“…A disadvantage of grafting (co)polymers to a substrate is the substrate‐specific grafting chemistry. Dehydration of hydroxy functionality on the (co)polymer is substrate specific (i.e., oxide surfaces), as are other grafting chemistries such as azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, thiol‐ene click, and thiol–gold interactions . Thus, it is highly desirable to fabricate neutral surfaces in a substrate‐independent manner.…”

Section: Substrate Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal

Wang

Kim

Bang

2018

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Block copolymer thin films are highly versatile and accessible materials capable of producing nanofeatures in the size regime of a few to hundreds of nanometers by a simple spin‐coating‐and‐anneal process. Unfortunately, this simple protocol usually leads to parallel microdomains, which limits the applicability of such nanofeatures. A great deal of effort has been put into achieving perpendicular microdomains, but those that incorporate thermal annealing are arguably the most practical and reproducible in the lab and industry. This review discusses the recent ongoing efforts on various thermal approaches to achieving perpendicular microdomains in order to provide the readers with a toolbox to work with.

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“…However, Cy5-PEG-Au nanoparticles were found to decay in fluorescence intensity dramatically over the course of the study, emitting less than 30 % of the original fluorescence intensity 7 days after fabrication ( figure 4.6(B)). A) brush and (B) mushroom conformations (adapted from Kim et al 2015).…”

Section: Stability Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-mediated transport of nanoparticles and the influence of particle density

Lea‐Banks

Stride

Coussios

2016

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Cancer therapeutics are limited in efficacy by poor penetration into tumour tissue. This doctoral thesis aims to explore how changing the density of a therapeutic could influence its ultrasound-mediated delivery and penetration depth, thereby testing the hypothesis that increasing particle density increases penetration depth of nanoparticles under ultrasound exposure. Density-enhanced transport in the presence of ultrasound-induced cavitation is studied utilising a combination of numerical simulations, in vitro and in vivo experimental models.The penetration depth of nanoparticles of different densities was first predicted using a computational model to assess the magnitude of acoustic and fluid dynamic forces on a spherical nanoparticle in the presence or absence of a cavitating microbubble. This simulation showed that a denser particle will be transported further when exposed to ultrasound.Furthermore, cavitation was identified as fundamental for enhanced transport, with forcing due to microstreaming dominating the transport behaviour. These predictions were validated and supported experimentally using an in vitro model, where a fivefold increase in particle density resulted in a 43 % increase in peak particle penetration depth.To form a closer analogue to the tumour environment, a three-dimensional flow-vessel phantom was then implemented, where the penetration depths of three density-contrasting nanoparticles with unique fluorescent tags -co-delivered with either a micro-or a nano-scale cavitation agent -were studied. A trend between nanoparticle density and extravasation depth was again discernible, with the densest particles penetrating the furthest. However, the choice of cavitation agent often had a greater influence on particle transport. H. Lea-BanksUltrasound-mediated transport of nanoparticles and the influence of particle density DPhil Thesis 2 Finally, experiments were performed in a tumour-bearing mouse model, where the biodistribution of fluorescent nanoparticles was assessed after ultrasound exposure. A bistatic HIFU setup was used to activate cavitation agents, and passive acoustic mapping was implemented to detect cavitation activity within the tumour site. Density-contrasting fluorescent nanoparticles were used as mock therapeutics, and were successfully detected in ex vivo tumours through IVIS imaging. However, due to experimental limitations, the influence of nanoparticle density on ultrasound-mediated drug delivery in vivo could not be determined, and so recommendations are made for how the hypothesis can be further validated. H. Lea-BanksUltrasound-mediated transport of nanoparticles and the influence of particle density DPhil Thesis

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From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Coatings: Advances in the Synthesis and Nanobio Applications of Polymer Brushes

Cited by 112 publications

References 205 publications

Copolymerization Kinetics of a Simple Methacrylate and Functional Comonomers Via Cu(0)‐mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Copolymerization Kinetics of a Simple Methacrylate and Functional Comonomers Via Cu(0)‐mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization

Thermal Approaches to Perpendicular Block Copolymer Microdomains in Thin Films: A Review and Appraisal

Ultrasound-mediated transport of nanoparticles and the influence of particle density

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