From retinotopy to recognition: fMRI in human visual cortex

Tootell, Roger B. H.; Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Mendola, Janine D.; Marrett, Sean; Dale, Anders M.

doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01171-1

Cited by 191 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Second, receptive field mapping supports another type of hierarchy centered on retinotopic vs. non-retinotopic representations [107]. Higher-order functions such as object recognition that is size-, position-, and cue-invariant are likely more suited to nonretinotopically organized regions [108].…”

Section: Box 3 Hierarchies In the Visual Systemmentioning

confidence: 84%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Abstract:Seeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image. Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 1 Highlights Illusory contours exemplify core challenges for perception and binding  Competing models stem from diverse neurophysiologic metrics in animals and humans  Consideration of spatio-temporal brain dynamics reconciles these differences 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractSeeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image.Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. KeywordsVisual perception; perceptual completion; binding; object recognition; illusory contour; neuroimaging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 In what follows, we provide a review of these developments as they pertain to Single-unit StudiesPsychology differentiates sensation from perception (Box 1). Sensation reflects the neural representation of physical properties of stimuli, whereas perception refers to consci...

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Section: Box 3 Hierarchies In the Visual Systemmentioning

confidence: 84%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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“…It is now well established that visual spatial attention is mapped consistently with the cortical retinotopy (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), and the retinotopy itself is bilaterally symmetric; i.e., it is not lateralized (11,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Thus it is difficult to imagine a model of occipital cortical organization in which local͞global attention is lateralized, yet still mapped consistently with the retinotopy and spatial attention, which are not lateralized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex

Sasaki

Hadjikhani

Fischl

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

126

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Clinical evidence suggests that control mechanisms for local and global attention are lateralized in the temporal–parietal cortex. However, in the human occipital (visual) cortex, the evidence for lateralized local/global attention is controversial. To clarify this matter, we used functional MRI to map activity in the human occipital cortex, during local and global attention, with sustained visual fixation. Data were analyzed in a flattened cortical format, relative to maps of retinotopy and spatial frequency peak tuning. Neither local nor global attention was lateralized in the occipital cortex. Instead, local attention and global attention appear to be special cases of visual spatial attention, which are mapped consistently with the maps of retinotopy and spatial frequency tuning, in multiple visual cortical areas.

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“…Extensive activations also involved the medial occipital lobes (cuneus and lingual gyrus) bilaterally, extending anteriorly into the precuneus and posterior parahippocampal gyrus. These medial occipital activations, which likely reflect shifts of attention from foveal to peripheral visual locations (Brefczynski & DeYoe, 1999;Kastner et al, 1999;Tootell et al, 1998), are not relevant to the aims of this study and will not be discussed further. Additional activations involved the left frontoparietal operculum and supramarginal gyrus, right dorsal prefrontal cortex (MFG and superior frontal sulcus), bilateral suborbital sulcus and gyrus rectus, left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), left mid-cingulate gyrus, and right angular gyrus.…”

Section: Fmrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

et al. 2008

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The role of attention in speech comprehension is not well understood. We used fMRI to study the neural correlates of auditory word, pseudoword, and nonspeech (spectrally-rotated speech) perception during a bimodal (auditory, visual) selective attention task. In three conditions, Attend Auditory (ignore visual), Ignore Auditory (attend visual), and Visual (no auditory stimulation), 28 subjects performed a one-back matching task in the assigned attended modality. The visual task, attending to rapidly presented Japanese characters, was designed to be highly demanding in order to prevent attention to the simultaneously presented auditory stimuli. Regardless of stimulus type, attention to the auditory channel enhanced activation by the auditory stimuli (Attend Auditory > Ignore Auditory) in bilateral posterior superior temporal regions and left inferior frontal cortex. Across attentional conditions, there were main effects of speech processing (word + pseudoword > rotated speech) in left orbitofrontal cortex and several posterior right hemisphere regions, though these areas also showed strong interactions with attention (larger speech effects in the Attend Auditory than in the Ignore Auditory condition) and no significant speech effects in the Ignore Auditory condition. Several other regions, including the postcentral gyri, left supramarginal gyrus, and temporal lobes bilaterally, showed similar interactions due to the presence of speech effects only in the Attend Auditory condition. Main effects of lexicality (word > pseudoword) were isolated to a small region of the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Examination of this region showed significant word > pseudoword activation only in the Attend Auditory condition. Several other brain regions, including left ventromedial frontal lobe, left dorsal prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus, showed attention × lexicality interactions due to the presence of lexical activation only in the Attend Auditory condition. These results support a model in which neutral speech presented in an unattended sensory channel undergoes relatively little processing beyond the early perceptual level. Specifically, processing of phonetic and lexical-semantic information appears to be very limited in such circumstances, consistent with prior behavioral studies.

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From retinotopy to recognition: fMRI in human visual cortex

Cited by 191 publications

References 74 publications

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex

Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

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