From representation to persistence: requirements for a sustainable system of conservation areas in the species‐rich mediterranean‐climate desert of southern Africa

Cowling, Richard M.; Pressey, Robert L.; Lombard, Amanda T.; Desmet, Philip; Ellis, Allan G.

doi:10.1046/j.1472-4642.1999.00038.x

Cited by 211 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Recently, attempts have been made within these grid-cell based 'complementarity' analyses to combine compositionalist and functionalist criteria based on assessments of the likelihood of persistence of populations in occupied grid cells into the future (e.g. Cowling et al, 1999;Araújo et al, 2002a;Williams & Araújo, 2002;Rouget et al, 2003). In particular, accelerated climate change creates an urgent need to model species distributions and biogeographic patterns under multiple future scenarios (above).…”

Section: Integrating Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Whittaker

Araújo

Jepson

et al. 2005

Diversity and Distributions

1,054

874

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There is general agreement among scientists that biodiversity is under assault on a global basis and that species are being lost at a greatly enhanced rate. This article examines the role played by biogeographical science in the emergence of conservation guidance and makes the case for the recognition of Conservation Biogeography as a key subfield of conservation biology delimited as: the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses, being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa individually and collectively, to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. Conservation biogeography thus encompasses both a substantial body of theory and analysis, and some of the most prominent planning frameworks used in conservation. Considerable advances in conservation guidelines have been made over the last few decades by applying biogeographical methods and principles. Herein we provide a critical review focussed on the sensitivity to assumptions inherent in the applications we examine. In particular, we focus on four inter-related factors: (i) scale dependency (both spatial and temporal); (ii) inadequacies in taxonomic and distributional data (the so-called Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls); (iii) effects of model structure and parameterisation; and (iv) inadequacies of theory. These generic problems are illustrated by reference to studies ranging from the application of historical biogeography, through island biogeography, and complementarity analyses to bioclimatic envelope modelling. There is a great deal of uncertainty inherent in predictive analyses in conservation biogeography and this area in particular presents considerable challenges.Protected area planning frameworks and their resulting map outputs are amongst the most powerful and influential applications within conservation biogeography, and at the global scale are characterised by the production, by a small number of prominent NGOs, of bespoke schemes, which serve both to mobilise funds and channel efforts in a highly targeted fashion. We provide a simple typology of protected area planning frameworks, with particular reference to the global scale, and provide a brief critique of some of their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we discuss the importance, especially at regional scales, of developing more responsive analyses and models that integrate pattern (the compositionalist approach) and processes (the functionalist approach) such as range collapse and climate change, again noting the sensitivity of outcomes to starting assumptions. We make the case for the greater engagement of the biogeographical community in a programme of evaluation and refinement of all such schemes to test their robustness and their sensitivity to alternative conservation priorities and goals.

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Section: Integrating Pattern and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Whittaker

Araújo

Jepson

et al. 2005

Diversity and Distributions

1,054

874

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the grounds that this is all that can be done and=or that environmental diversity should act as an effective surrogate for patterns of biodiversity at lower organisational levels (Belbin 1993;Folke et al 1996;Noss 1996a, b;Cowling et al 1999;Fairbanks and Benn 2000;Faith 2003), several area selection activities have been suggested. They have been discussed or conducted in terms of a variety of higher level organisational units, for example land facets (Wessels et al 1999), land types (Pressey and Taffs 2001), geomorphological heterogeneity (Nichols et al 1998), environmental diversity (Faith and Walker 1996), environmental units (Pressey et al 1996), environmental classes (Woinarski et al 1996) and ecosystems (Noss 1996a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing biodiversity: selecting priority areas for conservation using different criteria

2005

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Abstract. International treaties call for the protection of biodiversity in all its manifestations, including ecosystem and species diversities. The selection of most priority area networks focuses, however, primarily on species richness and occurrence. The effectiveness of this approach in capturing higher order manifestations of biodiversity, that is ecosystem and environmental diversity patterns, remains poorly understood. Using a case study of birds and environmental data from South Africa and Lesotho, we test how complementary networks that maximise species diversity perform with regard to their representation of ecosystem and environmental diversity, and vice versa. We compare these results to the performance of the existing reserve network. We conclude that focusing on any single biodiversity component alone is insufficient to protect other components. We offer explanations for this in terms of the autocorrelation of species diversity in environmental space.

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“…Para dar continuidad a los fragmentos de hábitat o parques urbanos se deben crear archipiéla-gos de "islas boscosas" conectadas mediante corredores biológicos. Estos corredores reducen los efectos negativos del aislamiento al permitir la dispersión de las especies entre las islas boscosas e incrementar la disponibilidad de hábitat, favoreciendo el intercambio genético y la persistencia de las especies en el paisaje (Cowling et al, 1999;Margules & Pressey, 2000;Rouget et al, 2006). Para el paisaje fragmentado del sur de Chile se ha recomendado unir las islas boscosas mediante corredores ribereños con un ancho no menor a 25 m, evitando de este modo los efectos de borde generados por la fragmentación del bosque (Sieving et al, 2000).…”

Section: Los Estudios De Ecología Urbana Sobre Las Grandes Ciudades Dunclassified

Estado actual del desarrollo de la ecología urbana en grandes ciudades del sur de Chile

Cursach

Rau

Tobar

et al. 2012

Rev. geogr. Norte Gd.

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RESUMENMediante una revisión bibliográfi ca se determinó el estado actual del conocimiento sobre la ecología urbana en las grandes ciudades del sur de Chile: Temuco, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Montt y Punta Arenas. Esta revisión reveló la escasez de estudios sobre ecología urbana en donde los procesos de urbanización se incrementan considerablemente, desconociéndose los impactos que este fenómeno pueda generar sobre sus ecosistemas. Puerto Montt es la ciudad con mayor incremento poblacional urbano y, a la vez, la ciudad con menor cantidad y diversidad de estudios realizados. Los principales impactos generados por el proceso de urbanización sobre el paisaje son la contaminación de cuencas hidrográfi cas, contaminación atmosférica, pérdida de biodiversidad nativa y aumento de especies exó-ticas. Se entregan recomendaciones para aumentar y conservar la biodiversidad local dentro de los paisajes urbanos del sur de Chile, así como también se señalan las líneas de investigación necesarias por realizar.Palabras clave: Bioindicadores, biodiversidad nativa, especies sinantrópicas, sustentabilidad. ABSTRACTThrough a literature review, we determined the current state of knowledge on urban ecology in the larges cities of southern Chile: Temuco, Valdivia, Osorno, Puerto Montt and Punta Arenas. This review revealed the scarcity of studies on urban ecology where urbanization is increasing considerably, unkowning the impacts that this phenomenon may have on their ecosystems. Puerto Montt is the city with greater increase in urban population and simultaneously, the city with the lowest number and diversity of studies. The main impacts generated by the process of urbanization on the landscape are watershed pollution, air pollution, loss of native biodiversity and increasing exotic species. Suggestions are given to increase and conserve local biodiversity in the urban landscapes of southern Chile, as well as the lines of research needed to be done.

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From representation to persistence: requirements for a sustainable system of conservation areas in the species‐rich mediterranean‐climate desert of southern Africa

Abstract: Conservation planning has hithertoKey words. Biodiversity conservation, climate mediterranean-climate desert that is very rich in plant change, conservation of pattern and process, persistence, representation, reserve design. species. Firstly, we discuss planning issues salient to

Cited by 211 publications

References 66 publications

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Conservation Biogeography: assessment and prospect

Capturing biodiversity: selecting priority areas for conservation using different criteria

Estado actual del desarrollo de la ecología urbana en grandes ciudades del sur de Chile

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