From one-dimensional to two-dimensional wurtzite CuGaS₂nanocrystals: non-injection synthesis and photocatalytic evolution

Abstract

2D CuGaS2 nanoplates exhibit an improved photocatalytic hydrogen activity as compared to 1D nanorods and quasi-2D nanodisks.

Nanostructured materials for photocatalysis

“…These NCs displayed prominent activity for H2 evolution in the presence of hole scavengers (Na2S and Na2SO3) under simulated solar irradiation. 153 Most reported ternary SCs to date have not been synthesized under continuous conditions. In addition to this, the only ternary SCs synthesized under continuous supercritical processes have not been explored in heterogeneous photocatalysed processes to date.…”

Two-dimensional copper based colloidal nanocrystals: synthesis and applications

“…47–50 The introduction of group III metals such as In and Ga in the binary Cu chalcogenides resulted in the second most explored compositions of ternary CuInS 2 and CuGaS 2 and their selenide alternatives in 2D mrophology. 51–53 Here the partial replacement of In for Ga and S for Se has resulted in quaternary compositions of CuIn 1− x Ga x S 2 , CuInS 2 x Se 2−2 x and a more complex composition of CuIn 1− x Ga x S 2 x Se 2−2 x . 54 Introduction of transition metals, group IV and group V elements into Cu-chalcogenide 2D NCs resulted in the following compositions of CuSbS 2 , Cu 3 SbS 3 , Cu 3 BiS 3 , Cu 2 SnS 3 , Cu 2 SnSe 3 , Cu 2 GeS 3 , CuFeS 2 , Cu 2 SnZnSe 4 , Cu 2 GeZnSe 4 , etc .…”

“…Among the other semiconductor NCs are multinary CuInS 2 nanodiscs, nanosheets, CuSbS 2 nanosheets, and Cu 3 BiS 3 nanoplatelets using heat-up and hot-injection approaches. 21,52,55,56,70 Initial approaches for synthesising CuInS 2 were based on the heat-up of the metal precursor and S source. But extension of the elemental composition to quaternary by the introduction of Ga and Se required a more controlled hot-injection approach where cation and anion introduction windows can be separated based on the injection temperature.…”

“…For example, the presence of halide ions was shown to control the 2D morphology in hexagonal CuInS 2 and CuGaS 2 NCs. 52,86,87 Liu et al showed the formation of 2D CuGaS 2 NCs by using GaCl 3 as the Ga 3+ source whereas an identical synthesis involving Ga(acetylacetonate) [Ga(acac) 3 ] formed nanorods. 52 The favourable adsorption of Cl − on basal {001} facets of wurtzite CuGaS 2 influenced the 2D growth (Fig.…”

Interfacial engineering of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based metal sulfide heterojunction photocatalysts for energy conversion: A review

“…Photocatalytic H2 production through water splitting is considered to be an ideal pathway for future energy consumption due to its economic and environmental superiority [42,83,137,[296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305]. Exploration and development of the suitable photocatalysts with excellent performance is essential to transform this technology into industrial application.…”