From E-911 to NG-911: Overview and Challenges in Ecuador

Corral-De-Witt, Danilo; Matamoros-Vargas, Jose A.; Muñoz-Romero, Sergio; Rojo‐Álvarez, José Luis; Tepe, Kemal

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2858751

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For security reasons, the specific number of cameras and locations where they are implemented cannot be published. However, the type of cameras implemented in this system are Pan-Tilt-Zoom, which are cameras that have movement and a powerful zoom to achieve wide coverage [22] (p. 42588). The idea is to implement the prototype in containers that are located in the coverage area of this camera surveillance system.…”

Section: Nodo De Almacenamiento Y Monitoreo (Nam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Waste Monitoring System as an Initiative to Develop a Digital Territory in Riobamba City

et al. 2020

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Digital territories focus on community transformation through sustainable development, saving resources in local governments, bridging the digital gap, and using technology to build smart infrastructure. This article presents the design and implementation of a smart system, called the Waste Treatment System (WTS), for controlling parameters of waste decomposition in the trash bins installed in Riobamba city (Ecuador). The prototype allows monitoring in real time both the amount of waste and the level of rottenness of garbage by means of the measurement of different parameters that indicate the characteristics of the leachates generated inside. The motivation of this work was to yield an efficient solution to urban waste treatment that optimizes resources in the collection process by providing real-time information to improve collection frequency vehicles and also reduce emissions by the decomposition of organic waste. The tests allowed assessing technical aspects such as the maximum coverage of wireless communication, the transmission channel capacity for each prototype, the data-processing requirements, and other more particular parameters such as the production of leachates due to the frequency of collection and the environmental conditions, which will be useful in future work on environmental impact.

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Section: Nodo De Almacenamiento Y Monitoreo (Nam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Waste Monitoring System as an Initiative to Develop a Digital Territory in Riobamba City

et al. 2020

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“…All the analyzed emergencies occur during ER and RR phases of the represented figure, and they are subsequently assigned to a set of possible categories taking place in the mentioned phases. The PSAP-attended emergencies are daily saved in a local DB from which a centralized Data Warehouse consolidates the information countrywide [2]. By using suitable statistical techniques, this information could be analyzed in order to obtain relevant feedback for all the service and articulated institutions, and this information will undoubtedly be of capital importance to feedback the institutions involved in the emergency response process.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve a centralized and opportune emergency response [1], Ecuador created in 2012 the integrated security service, named ECU-911 [2]. Within its structure, a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) is a center in which emergency alerts are received and processed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some previous works have already tackled the problem of emergency response systems and how data analysis can help to improve them. For instance, an overview was presented in [2] of how technology can support several new models of emergency attention services based on Enhanced-911 platforms. The idea of data treatment and analysis is also discussed therein, but no real analysis is actually performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Emergencies Attended by Integrated Security Services

et al. 2019

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A public safety answering point (PSAP) receives thousands of security alerts and attends a similar number of emergencies every day, and all the information related to those events is saved to be post-processed and scrutinized. Visualization and interpretation of emergency data can provide fundamental feedback to the first-response institutions, to managers planning resource distributions, and to all the instances participating in the emergency-response cycle. This paper develops the application of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) of emergency responses in a PSAP, with the objective of finding informative relationships among the different categories of registered and attended events. We propose a simple yet statistically meaningful method to scrutinize the variety of events and recorded information in conventional PSAPs. For this purpose, MCA is made on the categorical features of the available report forms, and a statistical description is achieved from it by combining bootstrap resampling and Parzen windowing, in order to provide the user with the most relevant factors, their significance, and a meaningful representation of the event grouping trends in a given database. We analyzed the case of the 911-emergency database from Quito, Ecuador, which includes 1,078,846 events during 2014. Individual analysis of the first-response institutions showed that there are groups with very related categories, whereas their joint analysis showed significant relationships among several types of events. This was the case for fire brigades, military, and municipal services attending large-scale forest fires, where they work in a combined way. Independence could be established among actions in other categories, which was the case for specific police events (as drug selling and distribution) or fire brigades events (as fire threats). We also showed that a very low number of factors can be enough to accurately represent the dynamics of frequent events.

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“…Rudimentary data exchange, which is possible in such systems, already provides a range of possible benefits over voice calls, starting with more efficient and less error-prone data collection when every second counts [3,15,16], automated triggering as it happens in the vehicular domain with eCall [17][18][19], to the possibility of automated triage on the PSAP side in case of large-scale events [20].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Emergency Services Based on the Pan-European Mobile Emergency Application (PEMEA) Protocol: Leveraging Mobile Positioning and Context Information

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et al. 2019

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In this paper, we analyze requirements of next generation 112 emergency services in the era of ubiquitous mobile devices and sensors and present the design, implementation, and piloting results of our testbed, which was developed within the H2020 project NEXES. The system leverages a multihop location-aware PEMEA routing network that finds the geographically closest responsible public service answering point (PSAP) and supports cross-border application roaming. Our reference mobile implementation utilizes multiple device and network-based positioning technologies, which, combined, both outperform traditional cell-tower based positioning and provide a means for detecting fraudulent calls. The system is extensible and can establish a variety of communication channels after the initial emergency session is set up; we demonstrate this with an interoperable WebRTC-based video call. The obtained results demonstrate the viability and flexibility of PEMEA-based over-the-top emergency services, show high user acceptance when comparing them with existing solutions, and thus pave the road for further rollout of such systems.

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From E-911 to NG-911: Overview and Challenges in Ecuador

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Smart Waste Monitoring System as an Initiative to Develop a Digital Territory in Riobamba City

Smart Waste Monitoring System as an Initiative to Develop a Digital Territory in Riobamba City

Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Emergencies Attended by Integrated Security Services

Next Generation Emergency Services Based on the Pan-European Mobile Emergency Application (PEMEA) Protocol: Leveraging Mobile Positioning and Context Information

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