From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction

Liu, Rongrong; Meng, Xiaoting; Yu, Xiyao; Wang, Guoqiang; Zhang, Dong; Zhou, Zhiguang; Qi, Mingran; Yu, Xijie; Ji, Tong; Wang, Fang

doi:10.3390/ijms232113116

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The use of microfluidic devices has considerably advanced the field of CIVMs because of their ability to mimic the fluid environment of native living cells and allow for the co‐culture of complex cellular components 55 . Microfluidic organ‐on‐a‐chip or human‐on‐a‐chip is the most typical application and can potentially replace animal testing 56 . The concept of the organ‐on‐a‐chip system originated from attempts to control and optimize cell culture in vitro by applying various microfluidic systems.…”

Section: Microfluidic Technology and Microfluidic Chips For Civmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex in vitro model: A transformative model in drug development and precision medicine

Wang,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Clinical Translational Sci

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In vitro and in vivo models play integral roles in preclinical drug research, evaluation, and precision medicine. In vitro models primarily involve research platforms based on cultured cells, typically in the form of two‐dimensional (2D) cell models. However, notable disparities exist between 2D cultured cells and in vivo cells across various aspects, rendering the former inadequate for replicating the physiologically relevant functions of human or animal organs and tissues. Consequently, these models failed to accurately reflect real‐life scenarios post‐drug administration. Complex in vitro models (CIVMs) refer to in vitro models that integrate a multicellular environment and a three‐dimensional (3D) structure using bio‐polymer or tissue‐derived matrices. These models seek to reconstruct the organ‐ or tissue‐specific characteristics of the extracellular microenvironment. The utilization of CIVMs allows for enhanced physiological correlation of cultured cells, thereby better mimicking in vivo conditions without ethical concerns associated with animal experimentation. Consequently, CIVMs have gained prominence in disease research and drug development. This review aimed to comprehensively examine and analyze the various types, manufacturing techniques, and applications of CIVM in the domains of drug discovery, drug development, and precision medicine. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive understanding of the progress made in CIVMs and their potential future use in these fields.

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Section: Microfluidic Technology and Microfluidic Chips For Civmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex in vitro model: A transformative model in drug development and precision medicine

Wang,

Hu,

et al. 2024

Clinical Translational Sci

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“…Since the mid‐20th century, researchers have continuously developed various cell culture methods to understand complex cell behaviours and establish a better therapeutic regimen 8 . Meanwhile, researchers have realized that cell co‐culture technology is vital following the success of blastocyst formation through the co‐culture of human oviduct epithelial cells and embryos 9 . The cell co‐culture models, 10 material‐assistant 3D cell culture models 11 and cancer patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) models 12 have all provided essential research bases for biomedicine (Figure 1).…”

Section: Organoid and Assembloid Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Meanwhile, researchers have realized that cell co-culture technology is vital following the success of blastocyst formation through the co-culture of human oviduct epithelial cells and embryos. 9 The cell co-culture models, 10 materialassistant 3D cell culture models 11 and cancer patientderived xenografts (PDX) models 12 have all provided essential research bases for biomedicine (Figure 1).…”

Section: Organoid and Assembloid Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy

Mei,

Liu,

Tian

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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BackgroundOrganoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch‐to‐batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability.Main bodyThe concept of organoids has derived patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, ‘tumour assembloids’ inspired by cell‐coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High‐quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor‐engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank.ConclusionFundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre‐clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients.Key Points The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non‐cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.

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“…Various neuronal cells, such as primary neurons and neuroblastoma cells, have been used in 2D systems in neuroscience research (Liu et al 2022 ). However, obtaining patient-derived brain tissue, or neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into neuronal cells, is controversial and not always accessible (Gabriel and Gopalakrishnan 2017 ).…”

Section: Three-dimensional (3d) Brain Organoid Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

iPSC-derived three-dimensional brain organoid models and neurotropic viral infections

et al. 2023

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Progress in stem cell research has revolutionized the medical field for more than two decades. More recently, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has allowed for the development of advanced disease modeling and tissue engineering platforms. iPSCs are generated from adult somatic cells by reprogramming them into an embryonic-like state via the expression of transcription factors required for establishing pluripotency. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), iPSCs have the potential to differentiate into a wide variety of brain cell types including neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes. iPSCs can be used to generate brain organoids by using a constructive approach in three-dimensional (3D) culture in vitro. Recent advances in 3D brain organoid modeling have provided access to a better understanding of cell-to-cell interactions in disease progression, particularly with neurotropic viral infections. Neurotropic viral infections have been difficult to study in two-dimensional culture systems in vitro due to the lack of a multicellular composition of CNS cell networks. In recent years, 3D brain organoids have been preferred for modeling neurotropic viral diseases and have provided invaluable information for better understanding the molecular regulation of viral infection and cellular responses. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature on recent advances in iPSC-derived 3D brain organoid culturing and their utilization in modeling major neurotropic viral infections including HIV-1, HSV-1, JCV, ZIKV, CMV, and SARS-CoV2.

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From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction

Cited by 23 publications

References 90 publications

Complex in vitro model: A transformative model in drug development and precision medicine

Complex in vitro model: A transformative model in drug development and precision medicine

Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy

iPSC-derived three-dimensional brain organoid models and neurotropic viral infections

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