Friction capabilities of graphite-based lubricants at room and over 1400 K temperatures

Egea, Antonio J. Sánchez; Martynenko, Vitali; Abate, Germán; Deferrari, N.; Krähmer, Daniel; Lacalle, Luís Norberto López de

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03290-4

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Dual-phase lubricants, spreading over the surface, reduce the friction coefficient during the forging process. Previous works [22][23][24] analyzed the behavior of several commercial graphite-based lubricants in hot forging, employing wear tests like pin-on-disc and friction tests like ring compression test, performed in different surface conditions. The experience shows that the size of the embedded graphite particles, the graphite concentration, and the lubricant's kinematic viscosity are parameters that influence the friction coefficient at the interface, independent of the testing temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Damaging of Brass and Steel Pins when Sliding over Nitrided Samples Cut by Finishing and Roughing EDM Conditions

et al. 2020

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In the forging industry, surface quality and surface treatments of dies are crucial parameters to extend their life. These components are usually machined by milling or by Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), and the final surface roughness depends on the machining techniques and operational conditions used in its fabrication. After milling, a nitriding treatment is widely applied to extend its service life. Nevertheless, no scientific report that informs about nitriding after EDM has been found. Accordingly, this work focuses on the wear and friction behavior of pins made of brass and medium carbon steel sliding over AISI H13 discs, made by wire EDM in the conditions of finishing and roughing. The discs are plasma nitride, and their effect on the wear during pin-on-disc tests is evaluated. In this sense, the analysis of the surface damage for the different pins will help us to understand the service life and wear evolution of the forging dies. The results show that plasma nitride reduces the friction and prevents the degradation of the pin, independently of the material of the pin, when sliding over finishing and roughing EDM conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Damaging of Brass and Steel Pins when Sliding over Nitrided Samples Cut by Finishing and Roughing EDM Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…Single component solid lubricants like MnS and graphite are very promising for different wear resistant applications [27,28]. However, they cannot be used in high temperature applications due to issues like oxidation, matrix evaporation, etc.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Solid Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ti3SiC2 Reinforced Ni-Matrix Multilayered Composite-Based Solid Lubricants

et al. 2019

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We report the synthesis and characterization of two different types of Ni-based laminated composites (Types I and II). In Type-I composites, layers of Ni and Ti3SiC2 (Ni–Ti3SiC2) were interleaved with Ni, whereas in Type-II composites, Ni–Ti3SiC2 layers were interleaved with Al and Ni. The laminate thickness and Ti3SiC2 content in the individual Ni–Ti3SiC2 layers were systematically varied in both the composites. Detailed SEM studies showed that Ti3SiC2 particulates are well distributed in the Ni-matrix with little or no interfacial reactions with interparticle porosity. However, there were interfacial reactions between Ni and Al in Type II composites. In general, Type I multilayered composites had higher ultimate compressive strength (UCS) in parallel orientation as compared to perpendicular orientation (layers are aligned parallel or perpendicular to the wear surface then it will be referred to as parallel or perpendicular orientation). Comparatively, in Type II composites, the UCS was greater in perpendicular orientation as compared to parallel due to the presence of Al layers as bonding layers. Both the composite designs showed triboactive behavior against alumina disks and sensitivity to laminate thickness and orientation. In Type-I composites, the decrease in µ and wear rate (WR) with laminate thickness was more pronounced in the perpendicular orientation as compared to the parallel orientation. Comparatively, Ni–Ti3SiC2/Al/Ni composites showed that the parallel orientation was more effective in enhancing the triboactive performance. SEM analysis of tribosurfaces showed signs of triboxidation and abrasion, which led to the formation of O-rich tribofilms.

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“…These parts are mass-produced because 8600 of them are used for each kilometer of track [4]. These components are manufactured by forging, which involves a press [5], dies [6], and a lubrication system [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Die Wear and Structural Defects of Railway Screw Spike Heads Estimated by FEM

Alcázar

Abate

Antunez

et al. 2021

Metals

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Railway spike screws are manufactured by hot forging on a massive scale, due to each kilometer of railway track needing 8600 spike screws. These components have a low market value, so the head must be formed in a single die stroke. The service life of the dies is directly related to the amount of energy required to form a single screw. The existing standard for spike screws specifies only the required tolerances for the head dimensions, particularly the angle of the hub faces and the radius of agreement of the hub with the cap. Both geometrical variables of the head and process conditions (as-received material diameter and flash thickness) are critical parameters in spike production. This work focuses on minimizing the energy required for forming the head of a railway spike screw by computational simulation. The variables with the highest degree of incidence on the energy, forging load, and filling of the die are ordered statistically. The results show that flash thickness is the variable with the most significant influence on forming energy and forming load, as well as on die filling. Specifically, the minimum forming energy was obtained for combining of a hub wall angle of 1.3° an as-received material diameter of 23.54 mm and a flash thickness of 2.25 mm. Flash thickness generates a lack of filling at the top vertices of the hub, although this defect does not affect the functionality of the part or its serviceability. Finally, the wear is mainly concentrated on the die splice radii, where the highest contact pressure is concentrated according to the computational simulation results.

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Friction capabilities of graphite-based lubricants at room and over 1400 K temperatures

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Surface Damaging of Brass and Steel Pins when Sliding over Nitrided Samples Cut by Finishing and Roughing EDM Conditions

Surface Damaging of Brass and Steel Pins when Sliding over Nitrided Samples Cut by Finishing and Roughing EDM Conditions

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ti3SiC2 Reinforced Ni-Matrix Multilayered Composite-Based Solid Lubricants

Reduction of Die Wear and Structural Defects of Railway Screw Spike Heads Estimated by FEM

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