Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 360 is a novel biomarker for periodontitis screening in the Japanese population

Abstract

Background Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease, leading to bone destruction and tooth loss. Screening for periodontitis is important in preventing the progress of this disease. Various types of bacteria have been examined as potential screening targets, but only culturable pathogenic bacteria have been considered candidates. Recently, the various uncultivable bacteria have been identified in microbiome studies, but the value of these bacteria in periodontitis screening remains unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic use of uncultivable bacteria Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 and TM7 sp. HOT 356 for periodontitis screening in the Japanese population. Material and methods Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 217 participants (periodontitis group, n = 157; healthy group, n = 60). The two uncultivable bacterial species selected were: Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 360 ( Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360) and TM7 sp. human oral taxon 356 ( TM7 sp. HOT 356). The levels of these two bacterial species were compared with those of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P . gingivalis ), a keystone pathogen in periodontitis. These three species of bacteria were then quantified using qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with specific primers and Taqman probes. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software. P value was statistically significant at .05. Results The populations of uncultivable bacterial species TM7 sp. HOT 356 and Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 were significantly higher in periodontitis group than in healthy group. Only Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 showed a significantly positive correlation with such periodontal parameters as probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Conclusion These findings indicate that uncultivable bacteria Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 can be used as a saliva-based diagnostic bacterial biomarker for periodontitis screening.

Periodontal pathogens and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis

“…From the newly identified putative periodontal pathogen, only Desulfobulbus genus (Pérez‐Chaparro et al, ) was found correlated with the mean PD. Correlation coefficients between periodontal data and bacterial taxa remained inferior to 0.4, similar to other microbiota analyses in chronic periodontitis (Khemwong et al, ; Lourenço et al, ; Silva‐Boghossian, Cesário, Leão, & Colombo, ). Finding associations is especially more difficult when looking at the species level.…”

“…Only three ( M. timidum , A. geminatus , and E. faecalis ) could not be identified through the pipeline of assignation, due to methodological limitations. The lack of detection of Fretibacterium is surprising since it was proposed as a diagnostic bacterial biomarker for periodontitis screening in a Japanese population (Khemwong et al, ). Indeed, Fretibacterium was not detected in our Caucasian population.…”

Profiling the Salivary microbiome of the Qatari population

“…Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were shown to be higher in Moroccan patients with periodontitis [36] and P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and Fretibacterium were higher in Japanese patients with periodontitis [37,38]. Moreover, oral microbial dysbiosis is usually observed in patients with systemic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases among others [39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

The salivary microbiota in health and disease

“…human oral taxon 360 and Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 356) in patients with periodontitis as compared to orally healthy controls [37]. However, no comparison of subgingival and salivary levels of the selected bacteria was performed in the above-mentioned studies, which is why the origin of periopathogens in saliva was unknown.…”