Freshwater prawn culture: a review

The present study was conducted at the Fish Hatchery Saft Khalid, Behera Governorate, Egypt, for two months in order to investigate the effect of stocking density and probiotic (Ecobiol Aqua) dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, survival rate and whole body chemical composition of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of an initial weight 0.161g. reared in indoor nursery concrete tanks. A total number of 1350 postlarvae freshwater prawns were divided randomly into 18 concrete tanks (1 m 1-Water quality parameters tested were within the permissible levels recommended for optimum growth and development of freshwater prawn. 2-Both densities D 1 and D 2 (50 and 75animals/m 2 ) recorded significantly (p<0.05) higher final weights; total weight gains; specific and relative growth rates compared to the highest density, regardless of the probiotic effect. 3-Probiotic supplementation had insignificant effects on final weight; total weight gain; specific and relative growth rates, regardless of stocking density. 4-Within each stocking density supplementing the diets of freshwater prawn with probiotic improved the survival rate and the improvements were more pronounced at the lower stocking densities. 5-The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) (the lowest) was recorded by D 1 A group (p<0.05) followed by D 2 B; D 1 B; D 2 A; D 3 B and D 3 A, respectively. 6-Neither stocking density nor probiotic supplementation released any significant effects on whole body chemical composition of freshwater prawn. Based on the obtained results, the optimum stocking density of postlarvae M. rosenbergii laid between 50 to 75animals/m 2 and increasing the stocking density more than75/m 2 had negative effects on growth performance parameters. Also the results obtained may lead us to recommend the supplementation of probiotic (Ecobiol Aqua) to postlarvae M. rosenbergii diets in order to improve the survival rate during the nursery period.

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“…They agree with the ranges suggested by Armstrong et al (1976); Hsieh et al (1990); New (1990) and Saxena (2003). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of stocking density and probiotic dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion and survival of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Abdel-Hakim

Allam

Al-Azab

et al. 2013

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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“…The proteins are the higher reserve substrate in shrimp, which can be converted to carbohydrates following the gluconeogenic pathway (Campbell, 1991). The carbohydrates are not essential for crustaceans; shrimp appear to be able to utilize complex carbohydrates better than simple ones such as glucose, which is quickly absorbed and released into the haemolymph, resulting in a physiologically abnormal elevation of plasma glucose levels (New, 1976(New, , 1990Shiau & Peng, 1992). Starch is nowadays the typical carbohydrate in formulated feeds for crustaceans; it is well hydrolyzed by shrimp such as Fenneropenaeus indicus and Litopenaeus vannamei but poorly hydrolyzed by lobsters (Verri et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary starch and cellulose levels on the metabolic profile and apparent digestibility in penaeoid shrimp

Velurtas¹,

Díaz²,

Fernández-Gimenez³

et al. 2011

lajar

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ABSTRACT. The present study compared the effect of different starch/cellulose ratios (30/0, 20/10, 10/20, 0/30) on the metabolic response and apparent digestibility in two species of penaeoids: Artemesia longinaris and Pleoticus muelleri. Adult animals were used in order to obtain sufficient quantities of haemolymph and faecal material for analysis. No significant differences were found in levels of plasma metabolites in P. muelleri, but in A. longinaris, a significant increase was observed in glucose, total protein, and cholesterol in correlation with increased dietary starch. The apparent digestibility coefficients decreased from 83.7% to 51.2% (A. longinaris) and from 71.9% to 7.6% (P. muelleri) as the dietary starch levels increased. The ratio of amylase activity to protease activity (A/P ratio) declined in A. longinaris when the percentage of dietary starch increased. In contrast, the A/P ratio for P. muelleri increased with higher starch concentrations. These results demonstrated a close relationship between the feeding habits and digestive physiology of the two species studied; they also suggest a more herbivorous behavior for A. longinaris and more omnivorous habits for P. muelleri. Keywords: Artemesia longinaris, Pleoticus muelleri, apparent digestibility, carbohydrate metabolism, cellulose, starch, haemolymph, Argentina.Influencia del nivel de almidón y celulosa en la dieta sobre el perfil metabólico y digestibilidad aparente en camarones penaeoideos RESUMEN. En el presente estudio se comparó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de almidón/celulosa (30/0; 20/10; 10/20; 0/30) sobre la respuesta metabólica y la digestibilidad aparente en dos especies de peneidos, Artemesia longinaris y Pleoticus muelleri. Se utilizaron animales adultos a fin de obtener cantidades suficientes de hemolinfa y heces para los análisis. No hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles de metabolitos plasmáticos en P. muelleri, en cambio en A. longinaris se observó un incremento significativo de la glucosa, proteínas totales y colesterol en relación con el aumento del almidón en la dieta. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente disminuyeron de 83,7% a 51,2% (A. longinaris) y de 71,9% a 7,6% (P. muelleri) a medida que los porcentajes de almidón en la dieta aumentaron. El cociente entre la actividad de amilasa y proteasa (A/P) se redujo en A. longinaris con los mayores porcentajes de almidón dietario; por el contrario, el cociente A/P en P. muelleri aumentó cuando la concentración fue más alta. Estos resultados demostraron que existe una estrecha relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y la fisiología digestiva de las dos especies estudiadas; sugiriendo un comportamiento más herbívoro para A. longinaris y más omnívoro para P. muelleri.

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“…Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a native species of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries (New 1990). It is considered to be a moderately disease-resistant aquaculture species when compared to penaeid shrimp (Nash et al 1987) and it has a high economic value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White tail disease of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Thailand

Yoganandhan

Leartvibhas²,

Sriwongpuk³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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White tail disease (WTD) of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii has recently been the cause of high mortalities in Thai prawn farms. The causative agents of this disease in other countries are M. rosenbergii nodavirus (Mr NV) and extra small virus (XSV), which are usually detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocols. Using RT-PCR, most Thai post-larvae (PL) samples showing gross signs of WTD tested positive for Mr NV but only a few were positive for XSV. In contrast, all tested brooder samples were positive for both Mr NV and XSV. The possibility that brooders infected with Mr NV and XSV could transmit the viruses to larvae and PL should be examined. Cloning, sequencing and comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of RT-PCR amplicons of WTD samples from Thailand with those of Mr NV and XSV previously reported from the French West Indies and China revealed that the Mr NV were closely related but not identical while those from XSV were identical. This is the first report of Mr NV and XSV from Thailand. KEY WORDS: White tail disease · Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus · Extra small virus · RT-PCR detection · Brooder Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 69: [255][256][257][258] 2006 Recently, XSV and Mr NV have been purified .Detection methods for Mr NV include a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DS-ELISA) (Romestand & Bonami 2003) and viral genome-based detection methods such as dot blot hybridization, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification (Sri Widada et al. 2003). Similar genome-based detection methods are also available for XSV (Sri Widada et al. 2003. More recently a single-tube, duplex RT-PCR method has been developed for simultaneous detection of Mr NV and XSV (Yoganandhan et al. 2005).In the present study, farmed Macrobrachium rosenbergii showing gross signs of WTD and grossly normal brooders were tested for the presence of Mr NV and XSV by RT-PCR (Sahul Hameed et al. 2004a), and selected amplicons were sequenced and compared to those previously reported for Mr NV and XSV from other countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS PL and brooders.Infected PL with prominent signs of whitish muscle in the abdominal region were collected from different locations in Thailand (Table 1). In addition, 3 samples of grossly normal, pond-reared brooders were collected from culture ponds in Rachaburi, Thailand. These samples were transported to the laboratory on dry ice and stored at -20°C.Total RNA extraction. Whole PL (150 mg), hemolymph (150 µl) or tissue fragments (150 mg) from abdominal muscle tissue, tail muscle or pleopods were homogenized in 300 µl of TN buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.4 M NaCl, pH 7.4). The homogenate was centrifuged at 12 000 × g for 15 min at room temperature (27 to 30°C). The supernatant (150 µl) was extracted using 1 ml of TRIzol reagent (GIBCO-BRL) according to the manufacturer's protocol. RNA was precipitated...

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Freshwater prawn culture: a review

Cited by 114 publications

References 85 publications

Effect of stocking density and probiotic dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion and survival of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Effect of stocking density and probiotic dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed conversion and survival of postlarvae of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Influence of dietary starch and cellulose levels on the metabolic profile and apparent digestibility in penaeoid shrimp

White tail disease of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Thailand

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