Frequency of psychiatric disorders in blepharospasm does not differ from hemifacial spasm

Abstract

BS does not seem to have more psychiatric disorders than HS.

The Hidden Burden of Hemifacial Spasm: A Systematic Review of Non‐Motor Symptoms

“…Tan et al found depression in 16.7% of patients, particularly younger women, and anxiety disorders in 19.5% versus 3.8% of controls ( P < 0.0001) 25 . Brazilian studies showed comparable findings: Dias et al reported major depression in 13.7% and generalized anxiety in 10.3%, 27 while Fontenelle et al observed 29% and 12.9%, respectively 28 . A large Chinese cohort (n = 1003) reported lower rates of depression (9.1%) and anxiety (5.7%), which may reflect the influence of ethnic and cultural factors on symptom expression and reporting 6 .…”

“…Dias et al, through a cross‐sectional study conducted in Brazil, observed a 13.7% prevalence of major depression, 13.7% of suicidal ideation, and 10.3% of generalized anxiety disorder among HFS patients, according to DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria. Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication 27 . In another Brazilian cross‐sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM‐IV criteria.…”

“…Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication. 27 In another Brazilian cross-sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM-IV criteria. Among HFS patients, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 29% and generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%, while in blepharospasm patients, the rates were 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively.…”

The Hidden Burden of Hemifacial Spasm: A Systematic Review of Non‐Motor Symptoms

“…Tan et al found depression in 16.7% of patients, particularly younger women, and anxiety disorders in 19.5% versus 3.8% of controls ( P < 0.0001) 25 . Brazilian studies showed comparable findings: Dias et al reported major depression in 13.7% and generalized anxiety in 10.3%, 27 while Fontenelle et al observed 29% and 12.9%, respectively 28 . A large Chinese cohort (n = 1003) reported lower rates of depression (9.1%) and anxiety (5.7%), which may reflect the influence of ethnic and cultural factors on symptom expression and reporting 6 .…”

“…Dias et al, through a cross‐sectional study conducted in Brazil, observed a 13.7% prevalence of major depression, 13.7% of suicidal ideation, and 10.3% of generalized anxiety disorder among HFS patients, according to DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria. Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication 27 . In another Brazilian cross‐sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM‐IV criteria.…”

“…Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication. 27 In another Brazilian cross-sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM-IV criteria. Among HFS patients, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 29% and generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%, while in blepharospasm patients, the rates were 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively.…”

Hemifacial Spasm and Blepharospasm: Divergent Social Cognition Performance Despite Similar Neurocognitive Profiles

“… 2016 ; Dias et al. 2010 ). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co‐exist together (Tan et al.…”

“…However, recent literature on neuroimaging reinforces that these facial hyperkinesias share the same structural and anatomical heterogeneities as well (Fang et al 2021;Chirumamilla et al 2019). Furthermore, the two disorders share similar features in response to medical therapies (Dong et al 2019;Lawes-Wickwar et al 2022) and psychiatric comorbidities (Kim et al 2016;Dias et al 2010). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co-exist together (Tan et al 2004).…”

The Hidden Burden of Hemifacial Spasm: A Systematic Review of Non‐Motor Symptoms

“…Tan et al found depression in 16.7% of patients, particularly younger women, and anxiety disorders in 19.5% versus 3.8% of controls ( P < 0.0001) 25 . Brazilian studies showed comparable findings: Dias et al reported major depression in 13.7% and generalized anxiety in 10.3%, 27 while Fontenelle et al observed 29% and 12.9%, respectively 28 . A large Chinese cohort (n = 1003) reported lower rates of depression (9.1%) and anxiety (5.7%), which may reflect the influence of ethnic and cultural factors on symptom expression and reporting 6 .…”

“…Dias et al, through a cross‐sectional study conducted in Brazil, observed a 13.7% prevalence of major depression, 13.7% of suicidal ideation, and 10.3% of generalized anxiety disorder among HFS patients, according to DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria. Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication 27 . In another Brazilian cross‐sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM‐IV criteria.…”

“…Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication. 27 In another Brazilian cross-sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM-IV criteria. Among HFS patients, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 29% and generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%, while in blepharospasm patients, the rates were 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively.…”

Hemifacial Spasm and Blepharospasm: Divergent Social Cognition Performance Despite Similar Neurocognitive Profiles

“… 2016 ; Dias et al. 2010 ). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co‐exist together (Tan et al.…”

“…However, recent literature on neuroimaging reinforces that these facial hyperkinesias share the same structural and anatomical heterogeneities as well (Fang et al 2021;Chirumamilla et al 2019). Furthermore, the two disorders share similar features in response to medical therapies (Dong et al 2019;Lawes-Wickwar et al 2022) and psychiatric comorbidities (Kim et al 2016;Dias et al 2010). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co-exist together (Tan et al 2004).…”

The Hidden Burden of Hemifacial Spasm: A Systematic Review of Non‐Motor Symptoms

“…Tan et al found depression in 16.7% of patients, particularly younger women, and anxiety disorders in 19.5% versus 3.8% of controls ( P < 0.0001) 25 . Brazilian studies showed comparable findings: Dias et al reported major depression in 13.7% and generalized anxiety in 10.3%, 27 while Fontenelle et al observed 29% and 12.9%, respectively 28 . A large Chinese cohort (n = 1003) reported lower rates of depression (9.1%) and anxiety (5.7%), which may reflect the influence of ethnic and cultural factors on symptom expression and reporting 6 .…”

“…Dias et al, through a cross‐sectional study conducted in Brazil, observed a 13.7% prevalence of major depression, 13.7% of suicidal ideation, and 10.3% of generalized anxiety disorder among HFS patients, according to DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria. Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication 27 . In another Brazilian cross‐sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM‐IV criteria.…”

“…Additionally, 26.1% of these patients were using antidepressant medication. 27 In another Brazilian cross-sectional study, Fontenelle et al compared patients with blepharospasm and HFS, finding similar rates of psychiatric disorders in both groups, also based on DSM-IV criteria. Among HFS patients, the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 29% and generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%, while in blepharospasm patients, the rates were 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively.…”

Hemifacial Spasm and Blepharospasm: Divergent Social Cognition Performance Despite Similar Neurocognitive Profiles

“… 2016 ; Dias et al. 2010 ). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co‐exist together (Tan et al.…”

“…However, recent literature on neuroimaging reinforces that these facial hyperkinesias share the same structural and anatomical heterogeneities as well (Fang et al 2021;Chirumamilla et al 2019). Furthermore, the two disorders share similar features in response to medical therapies (Dong et al 2019;Lawes-Wickwar et al 2022) and psychiatric comorbidities (Kim et al 2016;Dias et al 2010). Furthermore, in some cases, BSP and HFS can co-exist together (Tan et al 2004).…”