Frequency of microorganisms isolated in patients with bacteremia in intensive care units in Colombia and their resistance profiles

Cortés, Jorge Alberto; Leal, Aura Lucía; Montañez, Anita; Buitrago, Giancarlo; Castillo, Juan Sebastián; Guzman, Lucy

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2012.10.022

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…S. aureus is the most significant species within this genus, termed as coagulase-positive- Staphylococcus (CPS) by virtue of its versatility as a pathogen in humans and animals in addition to its being one of the causes of food intoxication (Jørgensen et al, 2005; Cunha, 2009). Other Staphylococcus species, collectively termed coagulase-negative-staphylococci (CNS), have gained importance as they have been implicated to be responsible for a variety of opportunistic infections in humans and animals (Vuong and Otto, 2002), their association with nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units and food poisoning in spite of the fact that, they are also not classical food poisoning bacteria (Cortes et al, 2013; Becker et al, 2014; Tong et al, 2015) as they are less pathogenic than S. aureus possessing a smaller array of virulence factors (Becker et al, 2014). Due to the ubiquity of many of the species within this group, their clinical significance has traditionally been dismissed, and when isolated from clinical specimens, the bacteria have merely been regarded as contaminants (Becker et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Coagulase-Positive-and Negative-Staphylococcus in Chicken Meat Retailed to Consumers

Osman

Badr²,

Almaary

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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The use of antibiotics in farm management (growing crops and raising animals) has become a major area of concern. Its implications is the consequent emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and accordingly their access into the human food chain with passage of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to the normal human intestinal microbiota and hence to other pathogenic bacteria causative human disease. Therefore, we pursued in this study to unravel the frequency and the quinolone resistance determining region, mecA and cfr genes of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS) isolated from the retail trade of ready-to-eat raw chicken meat samples collected during 1 year and sold across the Great Cairo area. The 50 Staphylococcus isolated from retail raw chicken meat were analyzed for their antibiotic resistance phenotypic profile on 12 antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and vancomycin) and their endorsement of the quinolone resistance determining region, mecA and cfr genes. The isolation results revealed 50 isolates, CPS (14) and CNS (36), representing ten species (S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. epidermedius, S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominus, S. schleiferi, S. cohnii, S. intermedius, and S. lentus). Twenty seven isolates were methicillin-resistant. Out of the characterized 50 staphylococcal isolates, three were MRSA but only 2/3 carried the mecA gene. The ARG that bestows resistance to quinolones, β-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B [MLS(B)] in MRSA and MR-CNS were perceived. According to the available literature, the present investigation was a unique endeavor into the identification of the quinolone-resistance-determining-regions, the identification of MRSA and MR-CNS from retail chicken meat in Egypt. In addition, these isolates might indicate the promulgation of methicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin resistance in the community and imply food safety hazards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Coagulase-Positive-and Negative-Staphylococcus in Chicken Meat Retailed to Consumers

Osman

Badr²,

Almaary

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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“…As reported in many epidemiological studies, P. aeruginosa clinical isolates are resistant to an increasingly wide variety of antibiotics, including "fourth-generation" cephalosporins. High levels of ␤-lactam resistance have been reported in the United States (6), Europe (7), and South America (8,9). In many cases, only colistin, and to some extent amikacin, still exhibits good activity against these multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Relationship to Phenotypic Susceptibility

Kos

Déraspe

McLaughlin

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

229

253

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Many clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause infections that are difficult to eradicate due to their resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics. Key genetic determinants of resistance were identified through genome sequences of 390 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, obtained from diverse geographic locations collected between 2003 and 2012 and were related to microbiological susceptibility data for meropenem, levofloxacin, and amikacin. ␤-Lactamases and integron cassette arrangements were enriched in the established multidrug-resistant lineages of sequence types ST111 (predominantly O12) and ST235 (O11). This study demonstrates the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in defining relevant resistance elements and highlights the diversity of resistance determinants within P. aeruginosa. This information is valuable in furthering the design of diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

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“…We observed a predominance of infections classified as communityacquired among patients with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (13 MRSA vs. 36 MSSA). Although the origin of the bacteremia has been associated with the methicillin resistance level where communityacquired isolations are predominantly sensitive to methicillin (14), the multivariate analysis did not find this to be a risk factor for the presence of MRSA, despite its bivariate association with hospital-acquired infection. We did not perform the molecular definition of the type of isolations and their relationships with community-acquired infection in the present investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In spite of a decreasing trend in MRSA, both mortality as well as negative outcomes for the health system continue to be of concern (14). The early identification of patients with MRSA bacteremia and interventions to prevent risk factors related to its emergence can contribute to mitigating the phenomenon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A multicenter matched case-control study

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent pathogen at critical care services. Its presence leads to increased hospital stays and mortality risk in patients with bacteremia. However, the etiology of this resistance marker has not been fully studied. Objective: To identify risk factors associated with the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia in critically ill patients treated at intensive care units in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods:We conducted a retrospective paired case-control study, nested in a cohort of patients diagnosed with S. aureus bacteremia and treated at intensive care units between 2006 and 2008 in Bogotá. Cases were patients with positive blood culture to methicillin resistance, matched in a 1:1 ratio with methicillin-sensitive controls isolated from the same institution and hospitalization year. We used conditional logistic regression to analyze the risk factors associated with the presence of resistance, with emphasis on prior antibiotic therapy. Results: We included 372 patients with S. aureus bacteremia. Factors such as the use of pre-hospital devices: vascular (OR=1.986, 95% CI 1.038 to 3.801) and urinary (OR=2.559, 95% CI: 1.170 to 5.596), along with the number of previously used antibiotics, were associated with the emergence of resistance. The number of antibiotics used previously was determined to have a gradient effect, particularly carbapenems. Conclusions:The rational use of antibiotics and surveillance of exposure to surgical procedures or use of invasive devices are interventions that could diminish the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia causes. Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina es uno de los agentes patógenos más frecuentes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Su presencia prolonga las hospitalizaciones y aumenta el riesgo de mortalidad en los pacientes con bacteriemia. Sin embargo, la etiología de este marcador de resistencia no ha sido completamente estudiada. Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados con la aparición de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina causante de bacteriemia en pacientes atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles emparejados, anidado en una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico de bacteriemia por S. aureus atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos de Bogotá entre 2006 y 2008. Los casos fueron pacientes con hemocultivo positivo para resistencia a la meticilina, emparejados 1 a 1 con controles con hemocultivos sensibles 613 Conclusiones. El uso racional de antibióticos y la vigilancia de la exposición a procedimientos quirúrgicos o al uso de dispositivos invasivos, son intervenciones que podrían disminuir la aparición de S. aureus resistente a meticilina causante de bacteriemia.Palabras clave: Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina; factores de riesgo; farmacorresistencia microbiana; unidades de cuidados intensivos; estudios de casos y controles.

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Frequency of microorganisms isolated in patients with bacteremia in intensive care units in Colombia and their resistance profiles

Abstract: There has been a change in the frequency of species being isolated with a higher frequency of enterobacteriaceae compared to Gram-positive microorganisms, in general with a high resistance rate.

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Coagulase-Positive-and Negative-Staphylococcus in Chicken Meat Retailed to Consumers

Prevalence of the Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Coagulase-Positive-and Negative-Staphylococcus in Chicken Meat Retailed to Consumers

The Resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Relationship to Phenotypic Susceptibility

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: A multicenter matched case-control study

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