Frequency of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Antecedents in the History of Children and Adolescents with Graves’ Disease

Wasniewska, Malgorzata; Corrias, Andrea; Arrigo, Teresa; Lombardo, Fortunato; Salerno, Mariacarolina; Mussa, Alessandro; Vigone, Maria Cristina; Luca, Filippo De

doi:10.1159/000313395

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This is not surprising considering that such a conversion is known to be detectable in the natural history of patients with HT (42,43,44,45,46) and has also been specifically described in children with either TS (29,30,31) or DS (38,47). Moreover, the shifting HT/GD has been, just recently, found to be more common in GD children with these chromosomal aberrations than in those without them (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Five-year prospective evaluation of thyroid function in girls with subclinical mild hypothyroidism of different etiology

Waśniewska

Aversa

Salerno

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Aim: To follow-up for 5 years thyroid status evolution in 127 girls with mild (TSH 5-10 mU/l) subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) of different etiologies. Patients: The population was divided into two age-matched groups of 42 and 85 girls with either idiopathic (group A) or Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)-related SH (group B). Group B was in turn divided into three subgroups, according to whether SH was either isolated or associated with Turner syndrome (TS) or Down syndrome (DS). Results: At the end of follow-up the rate of girls who became euthyroid was higher in group A (61.9% vs 10.6%), whereas the rates of patients who remained SH (55.3% vs 26.2%), became overtly hypothyroid (30.6% vs 11.9%) or required levothyroxine (L-T 4 ) therapy (63.5% vs 23.8%) were higher in group B. Among the girls of group B, the risk of remaining SH or developing overt hypothyroidism was higher in the subgroups with TS or DS than in those with isolated HT. Conclusions: Long-term prognosis of mild and idiopathic SH is frequently benign, even though a L-T 4 treatment may be needed throughout follow-up in almost a quarter of cases; long-term prognosis is different in the girls with either idiopathic or HT-related SH; and the association with either TS or DS impairs the outcome of HT-related SH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Five-year prospective evaluation of thyroid function in girls with subclinical mild hypothyroidism of different etiology

Waśniewska

Aversa

Salerno

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The close link between autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves’ disease is further demonstrated by the development of autoimmune hypothyroidism in up to 15% of patients with Graves’ disease, 10–15 years after the index illness,5 and the more infrequent transition of autoimmune thyroiditis into Graves’ disease 6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot and cold: coexistent Graves’ disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient with Schmidt's syndrome

et al. 2014

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A 37-year-old housewife presented with generalised fatigue, palpitations and weight loss over the past 3 months. Physical examination revealed signs of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid function tests confirmed the presence of thyrotoxicosis. Pertechnetate radionuclide imaging of the thyroid showed diffusely increased radiotracer uptake consistent with Graves’ disease and a cold nodule in the right lobe. Needle aspiration from the nodule yielded evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient also tested strongly positive for antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Simultaneous laboratory evaluation revealed primary adrenal failure and probable pernicious anaemia, thus producing a diagnosis of Schmidt's syndrome. The patient was initiated on appropriate medical therapy for endocrinopathy. Graves’ disease was treated with radioablation.

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“…This is not surprising considering that an evolution from HT to GD has occasionally been observed in the natural history of children with HT. 31 Moreover, such a conversion has just recently been demonstrated to occur even more often in patients with DS than in those without DS. 32 To sum up, many studies on the relationships between DS and thyroid function include heterogeneous groups of patients with both autoimmune and idiopathic thyroid disorders, whereas in this study only selected groups with autoimmunity were recruited, thus making interpretation of results more transparent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiarities of presentation and evolution over time of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome

Aversa¹,

Salerno²,

Radetti³

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND: Studies concerning presentation and evolution over time of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in children with Down's syndrome (DS) are few, are based on limited study populations and do not include control HT groups without DS. The aim of this multicenter study was to shed further light on the relationships between DS and HT in childhood. DE-SIGN: In this retrospective study we compared thyroid function patterns at HT presentation in 2 groups of children with (group A) or without DS (group B), including 146 and 553 cases, respectively. All group A patients were subsequently re-examined after a median interval of 5.1 years in order to prospectively re-evaluate the evolution over time of thyroid function patterns in DS. RESULTS: In group A, female predominance, age at HT diagnosis and rates of familiarity for thyroid diseases were significantly lower than in group B, whilst the association with non-thyroidal autoimmune diseases was more frequent. The hormonal patterns that were most frequently found in the 2 groups were, respectively, subclinical hypothyroidism (in group A) and euthyroidism (in group B). Thyroid dysfunctions were, overall, more frequent in group A (86.3 vs 45.7%, p<0.001). At re-evaluation, DS children exhibited further deterioration of thyroid function with some cases switching towards Graves' disease (GD). CONCLUSIONS HT in DS children: a) presents earlier, is not associated with female predominance and is more frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases; b) presents only very infrequently with a euthyroid hormonal profile; c) in a limited rate of cases switches with time to GD.

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Frequency of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Antecedents in the History of Children and Adolescents with Graves’ Disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

Five-year prospective evaluation of thyroid function in girls with subclinical mild hypothyroidism of different etiology

Five-year prospective evaluation of thyroid function in girls with subclinical mild hypothyroidism of different etiology

Hot and cold: coexistent Graves’ disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a patient with Schmidt's syndrome

Peculiarities of presentation and evolution over time of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in children and adolescents with Down’s syndrome

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