Frequency of Breast-feeding and Serum Bilirubin Concentration

Unconjugated and Conjugated Bilirubin Pigments during Perinatal Development

“…In fact, the present study confirms the observation of Dahmset a!. [10], Stevenson et al [8], De Car valho et al [11] and Nielsen et al [12], On the other hand, it is possible that this association, which has been reported by numerous au thors, is not associated with breast-feeding but rather with the caloric deficiency that is sometimes found in neonates who are breast fed in accordance with a rigid time schedule rather than on demand. In fact, a correlation between fasting and hyperbilirubinemia has been reported both in human adults and ex perimental animals [13,14].…”

Serum bilirubin levels at 72 hours by selected characteristics in breastfed and formula‐fed term infants delivered by cesarean section

“…Although caloric deprivation associated with hyperbilirubinemia has been considered as a possible explanation for some of these ndings (30,42,43) through the mechanism of increased heme catabolism, other studies have shown that there is no effect of caloric deprivation on total bilirubin formation (29). Feeding frequency has also been implicated in the development of hyperbilirubinemia, as suggested by Auerbach and Gartner (26) and De Carvalho et al (44,45). This hypothesis could also impact on the role of the enterohepatic circulation in this disease process.…”

Family-Centered, Evidence-Based Phototherapy Delivery

“…However, that approach may substantially reduce the phototherapy dose. De Carvalho et al 19 found that more frequent feedings were associated with lower bilirubin levels. Eleven feedings in 24 hours resulted in the lowest bilirubin values.…”