Frequency-bin entangled photons

Olislager, Laurent; Cussey, Johann; Nguyễn, Anh Tuấn; Emplit, Philippe; Massar, Serge; Mérolla, Jean-Marc; Huy, Kien Phan

doi:10.1103/physreva.82.013804

Cited by 165 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…But while frequency-bin entangled photons (also referred to as biphoton frequency combs or BFCs) have been explored through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) together with cavity and programmable spectral filtering [17][18][19], the bulk platform is faced with the drawback of low scalability and high cost. To overcome these disadvantages, integrated optical microresonators offer a solution that is highly compatible with semiconductor foundries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase modulation has been used to mix frequency states of biphotons generated by SPDC [18]; frequency-bin entanglement was tested through analysis of two-photon interference as a function of the phase modulation amplitude. Here we use phase modulation to overlap sidebands from either two or three different comb line pairs which are preselected and adjusted for equal amplitude by a programmable pulse shaper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator

Imany¹,

Jaramillo-Villegas²,

Odele³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

176

154

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Quantum frequency combs from chip-scale integrated sources are promising candidates for scalable and robust quantum information processing (QIP). However, to use these quantum combs for frequency domain QIP, demonstration of entanglement in the frequency basis, showing that the entangled photons are in a coherent superposition of multiple frequency bins, is required. We present a verification of qubit and qutrit frequency-bin entanglement using an on-chip quantum frequency comb with 40 mode pairs, through a two-photon interference measurement that is based on electro-optic phase modulation. Our demonstrations provide an important contribution in establishing integrated optical microresonators as a source for high-dimensional frequency-bin encoded quantum computing, as well as dense quantum key distribution.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator

Imany¹,

Jaramillo-Villegas²,

Odele³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

176

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Combined with its native parallelizability and absence of optical noise sources, our mixer design offers new opportunities for a range of quantum information applications, including linearoptical computation [12], quantum repeaters [13], and quantum walks [14]. The tritter also serves as an elementary building block for a frequency version of three-mode directionally unbiased linear-optical multiports, which find application in quantum simulations [15] and Bell state discriminators [16].Background.-The Hilbert space of interest consists of a comb of equispaced frequency bins, with operatorsâ n (n ∈ Z) that annihilate a single photon in the narrowband modes centered at frequencies ω n = ω 0 + n∆ω [12,17]. A qudit is represented by a single photon spread over d such modes, and the objective is to implement a frequency multiport V connecting the inputâ (in) n and outputâ (out) m modes in some desired fashion:â…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

et al. 2018

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We report experimental realization of high-fidelity photonic quantum gates for frequency-encoded qubits and qutrits based on electro-optic modulation and Fourier-transform pulse shaping. Our frequency version of the Hadamard gate offers near-unity fidelity (0.99998 ± 0.00003), requires only a single microwave drive tone for near-ideal performance, functions across the entire C-band (1530-1570 nm), and can operate concurrently on multiple qubits spaced as tightly as four frequency modes apart, with no observable degradation in the fidelity. For qutrits we implement a 3 × 3 extension of the Hadamard gate: the balanced tritter. This tritter-the first ever demonstrated for frequency modes-attains fidelity 0.9989 ± 0.0004. These gates represent important building blocks toward scalable, high-fidelity quantum information processing based on frequency encoding.Introduction.-The coherent translation of quantum states from one frequency to another via optical nonlinearites has been the focus of considerable research since the early 1990s [1]; yet only fairly recently have such processes been explored in the more elaborate context of time-frequency quantum information processing (QIP), where optical frequency is not just the carrier of quantum information but the information itself. Important examples include the quantum pulse gate [2,3], which uses nonlinear mixing with shaped classical pulses for selective conversion of the time-frequency modes of single photons [4][5][6], and demonstrations of frequency beamsplitters based on both χ (2) [7,8] and χ (3) [9][10][11] nonlinearities, which interfere two wavelength modes analogously to a spatial beamsplitter. These seminal experiments have shown key primitives in frequency-based QIP, but many challenges remain. For example, optical filters and/or low temperatures are required to remove background noise due to powerful optical pumps, either from the sources themselves or Raman scattering in the nonlinear medium. And achieving the necessary nonlinear mixing for arbitrary combinations of modes will require additional pump fields, as well as properly engineered phase-matching conditions.Recently we proposed a fundamentally distinct platform for frequency-bin manipulations, relying on electrooptic phase modulation and Fourier-transform pulse shaping for universal QIP [12]. Our approach requires no optical pump fields, is readily parallelized, and scales well with the number of modes. In this Letter, we apply this paradigm to experimentally demonstrate the first electro-optic-based frequency beamsplitter. Our frequency beamsplitter attains high fidelity, operates in * lougovskip@ornl.gov parallel on multiple two-mode subsets across the entire optical C-band, and retains excellent performance at the single-photon level. Moreover, by incorporating an additional harmonic in the microwave drive signal, we also realize a balanced frequency tritter, the threemode extension of the beamsplitter. This is the first frequency tritter demonstrated on any platform, and establishes our electro...

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“…Additionally, time-frequency encodings benefit from a relative insensitivity to inhomogeneities in transmission mediums [12,14]. These advantages have been recognized in works exploring the preparation of time-frequency entangled states [15][16][17][18], including their use in the violation of Bell inequalities [19,20], quantum key distribution [21], teleportation [22], and continuousvariable cluster states [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s a Good Time for Time-Bin Qubits

Pittman¹

2013

Physics

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We present a scheme for linear optical quantum computing using time-bin-encoded qubits in a single spatial mode. We show methods for single-qubit operations and heralded controlled-phase (CPHASE) gates, providing a sufficient set of operations for universal quantum computing with the Knill-Laflamme-Milburn [Nature (London) 409, 46 (2001)] scheme. Our protocol is suited to currently available photonic devices and ideally allows arbitrary numbers of qubits to be encoded in the same spatial mode, demonstrating the potential for time-frequency modes to dramatically increase the quantum information capacity of fixed spatial resources. As a test of our scheme, we demonstrate the first entirely single spatial mode implementation of a two-qubit quantum gate and show its operation with an average fidelity of 0:84 AE 0:07. Introduction.-Linear optics provides a promising platform for universal quantum computing [1][2][3]. Although logical gates can only be implemented probabilistically, Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn (KLM) have shown that they can be rendered deterministic by making use of ancillary resources, measurements, and feed-forward [1]. However, the overhead is large, and this presents one of the most significant challenges to the scalability of all proposed linear-optical quantum computing (LOQC) implementations [2,3]. To date, demonstrations of experimental schemes have mainly adopted spatial degrees of freedom for the manipulation of quantum states [2-9]. Consequently, scalable implementations of even few-qubit protocols in LOQC demand many spatial modes and complex routing networks with active switches, necessary to implement feed-forward [10].Modern telecommunication suggests a promising alternative or complement to spatial schemes in its extensive use of time-frequency encodings. The same approach for quantum information and communication protocols naturally provides access to high dimensional Hilbert spaces [11][12][13] while maintaining a compact device design, and can leverage the existing classical communications technology base. Additionally, time-frequency encodings benefit from a relative insensitivity to inhomogeneities in transmission mediums [12,14]. These advantages have been recognized in works exploring the preparation of time-frequency entangled states [15][16][17][18], including their use in the violation of Bell inequalities [19,20], quantum key distribution [21], teleportation [22], and continuousvariable cluster states [23].Quantum computing based on time-frequency encoding has received comparatively little attention, but has become increasingly feasible with the advent of fast switchable integrated phase controllers [24,25]. This was highlighted by a recent classical simulation of a quantum random walk

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Frequency-bin entangled photons

Cited by 165 publications

References 38 publications

50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator

50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

It’s a Good Time for Time-Bin Qubits

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