Frequency and Associated Factors of Bone Fractures in Russians: The Ural Eye and Medical Study

Abstract

With information about frequency of bone fractures in Russia mostly missing, we assessed the frequency of previous bone fractures in a Russian population. The population-based study Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible individuals (mean age: 59.0 ± 10.7 years; range: 40–94 years). The history of previous bone fractures was assessed in a standardized interview for 5397 (91.5%) individuals. Mean frequency of any previous bone fracture was 1650/5397 (30.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 29, 3, 31.8). In multivariate analysis, higher frequency of bone fractures was associated with male sex (P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR): 1.67; 95% CI: 1.41, 2.00), urban region (P < 0.001; OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.72), higher prevalence of vigorous activity during leisure (P < 0.001; OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68), current smoking (P = 0.001; OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.82) and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.007; OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.56), low blood pressure episodes with hospital admission (P = 0.001; OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.16), tumbling (P < 0.001; OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.16) and thoracic spine pain (P < 0.001; OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.73). In women, menopause (P < 0.001; OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.47, 3.22) was additionally associated. The most common single-bone fractures involved leg and knee (229/5397; 4.2%), hand in general (n = 169; 3.1%) or hand wrist only (n = 97; 1.8%), arm (n = 94; 1.7%) and ankle (n = 67; 1.2%). Severe fractures included spine (n = 35; 0.6%), os sacrum (n = 10; 0.2%), skull (n = 6; 0.1%), pelvis (n = 5; 0.1%) and hip (n = 22; 0.4%). Most frequent combined fractures included as most important part the leg (n = 90; 1.7%), spine (n = 18; 0.3%), and hip (n = 18; 0.3). These data give hints on the epidemiology of bone fractures in Russia.

Prevalence of and factors associated with low Back pain, thoracic spine pain and neck pain in Bashkortostan, Russia: the Ural Eye and Medical Study

“…In the study period from October 2015 to July 2017, we conducted the Ural Eye and Medical Study as a population-based study in the urban region of Kirovskii in Ufa, which is the capital of the republic of Bashkortostan, and in villages of the rural region of the Karmaskalinsky District at a distance of 65 km from Ufa [17][18][19][20]. The Ethics Committee of the Academic Council of the Ufa Eye Research Institute approved the study, and all participants gave informed written consent [20].…”

Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Arterial Hypertension in a Russian Population. The Ural Eye and Medical Study

“…The Ural Eye and Medical Study is a cross-sectional populationbased cohort study that was conducted in the city of Ufa as the capital of the republic of Bashkortostan and in villages in a distance of 65 km from Ufa in the period from October 2015 till July 2017 (7)(8)(9). The Ethics Committee of the Academic Council of the Ufa Eye Research Institute declared that the study was conducted in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved the study protocol.…”

“…We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scoresheet for the assessment of depression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to explore trait and state anxiety. The study has been described in detail recently (7)(8)(9).…”

Сomparative Analysis of the Long-Term Results of Diabetic Macular Edema and Epiretinal Membrane Surgical Treatment

“…Их появление характеризуется реакцией на различные нарушения в архитектонике сетчатки. Проведенные ранее исследования показали, что эпиретинальная мембрана может образовываться не только по причине повреждения внутренней пограничной мембраны при отслойке корковой части стекловидного тела, но и при сосудистых поражениях сетчатки, в частности при диабетической ретинопатии [6].…”

“…Эпиретинальная мембрана способствует поддержанию ДМО, приводя к увеличению плотности и утолщению внутренней пограничной мембраны [8]. Многочисленные зарубежные исследования показали, что острота зрения после интравитреальных инъекций у пациентов с ДМО с наличием эпиретинальной мембраны была ниже, чем у пациентов без сопутствующего тракционного синдрома [6][7][8]. Данное обстоятельство говорит о негативном влиянии изменений витреомакулярного интерфейса на эффективность анти-VEGF терапии и диктует необходимость поиска новых способов лечения диабетического макулярного отека.…”