Freezing and thawing characteristics of frozen soils: Bound water content and hysteresis phenomenon

Tian, Hui; Wei, Changfu; Wei, Houzhen

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2014.03.007

Cited by 143 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The possible mechanisms accounting for hysteresis in SFCs include but not limited to: (1) metastable nucleation and supercoiling/undercooling; (2) freezing-point depression due to solute in soil water; (3) final freezing temperature before thawing ; (4) "ink bottle" effects (Tian et al, 2014); and (5) the different representative soil volumes of soil moisture and temperature probes may contribute to the hysteresis, but currently no better method is available to improve this in field conditions.…”

Section: Differences Between Sftc and Sfc And Mechanisms For Sftc/sfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil freezing–thawing characteristics and snowmelt infiltration in Cryalfs of Alberta, Canada

Dyck

Cheng

et al. 2015

Geoderma Regional

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Section: Differences Between Sftc and Sfc And Mechanisms For Sftc/sfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil freezing–thawing characteristics and snowmelt infiltration in Cryalfs of Alberta, Canada

Dyck

Cheng

et al. 2015

Geoderma Regional

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“…8a have interesting implications for the current debate on whether the SFCC is affected by the initial saturation. Moisture content in frozen soils is typically inferred using time‐domain reflectometry (Spaans and Baker, 1996; Nagare et al, 2012) or nuclear magnetic resonance (Watanabe and Mizoguchi, 2002; Tian et al, 2014). Some studies have demonstrated that failing to account for the ice phase signal may have caused interpretation errors in previous works and that improving the dielectric mixing model or incorporating other data sources like gamma‐ray attenuation leads to SFCCs that are independent of initial saturation (Watanabe and Wake, 2009; Zhou et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Resistivity of a Partially Saturated Porous Medium at Subzero Temperatures

Herring

Cey

Pidlisecky

2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas We collected resistivity data at a range of temperatures and initial saturations. Archie's equation was modified to include temperature dependence below 0°C. Bulk resistivity was used to estimate unfrozen water content and fluid resistivity. At subzero temperatures, unfrozen water content is independent of initial saturation. Ion exclusion from ice explains the dependence of resistivity on initial saturation. Electrical resistivity tomography has been used in many frozen ground applications to delineate frozen and unfrozen areas of the subsurface and monitor changes with time. In these studies, the amount of unfrozen water remaining in the pore space at subzero temperatures is often a parameter of interest. To interpret resistivity data quantitatively in terms of unfrozen water content, it is necessary to establish a relationship between bulk resistivity, subzero temperature, and liquid water saturation. In the literature, a consensus has not been reached on the form of this relationship, and a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the resistivity of frozen ground is needed. This study used a unique laboratory apparatus to collect electrical resistivity tomography data for a uniform porous medium at temperatures from −20 to 25°C for a range of initial water saturations. Archie's equation was modified to include the effects of temperature above and below 0°C. Resistivity data collected below 0°C were used to estimate temperature‐dependent liquid water saturation and fluid resistivity. The amount of unfrozen water remaining at a given temperature was not related to initial water saturation and was nearly identical for all initial saturations at temperatures below about −5°C. The dependence of resistivity–temperature curves on initial water saturation at subzero temperatures was caused by differences in fluid resistivity as a result of ion exclusion during freezing. The relationships established in this study provide insight into the physical mechanisms that govern the resistivity of porous media at subzero temperatures and a starting point for quantitative analysis of resistivity data collected in frozen ground.

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“…The SFCC exhibits hysteretic behavior similar to the SWCC. This can be attributed to several possible mechanisms: Supercooling of pore water (Bittelli et al, 2003; He and Dyck, 2013; Tian et al, 2014; He et al, 2015). Soil pore water does not necessarily freeze when its freezing temperature is reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil pore water does not necessarily freeze when its freezing temperature is reached. Instead, pore water remains in a liquid phase and is supercooled to a lower temperature, until freezing is induced by nucleation. The effect of electrolytes (Bittelli et al, 2003; He and Dyck, 2013; Tian et al, 2014; He et al, 2015). Since electrolytes will be excluded from ice when soil is subjected to freezing, the solute concentration in the remainder of pore water becomes larger, which contributes to freezing point depression of pore water and yields hysteresis. Pore geometry (Anderson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Soil‐Freezing and Soil‐Water Characteristic Curves of Two Canadian Soils

Ren

Vanapalli

2019

Vadose Zone Journal

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Core Ideas The similarity between SFCC and SWCC, and hysteresis of SFCC are reviewed. The SFCC and SWCC of two fine‐grained soils are measured and analyzed. No quantitative similarity is found between the measured SFCC and SWCC. Several concerns regarding the similarity between SFCC and SWCC are discussed. The drying–wetting and freezing–thawing cycles significantly influence the soil pore water in the vadose zone in permafrost and seasonally frozen regions. The soil‐freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) describes the relationship between unfrozen water content and subzero temperature in a soil at frozen condition. Several studies suggest that the SFCC of a frozen saturated soil is similar to soil‐water characteristic curve (SWCC), which describes the relationship between water content and suction for a soil under unfrozen unsaturated condition. In the present study, the similarity between SFCC and SWCC, and possible reasons for the hysteresis of SFCC are succinctly reviewed. The SFCC and SWCC of two Canadian soils were measured and critically interpreted to understand the fundamental behavior of SFCC in comparison with the SWCC. The observed hysteresis of SFCC for the two soils was mainly associated with the supercooling of pore water. The measured SFCC and SWCC of the two soils show quantitative dissimilarity rather than similarity. This may be attributed to the experimental limitations and possible fundamental differences between drying–wetting and freezing–thawing processes. In addition, several concerns regarding the similarity between SFCC and SWCC are discussed. The present study highlights that rigorous investigations are required for better understanding the SFCC to facilitate its use for cold‐region engineering practice applications.

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Freezing and thawing characteristics of frozen soils: Bound water content and hysteresis phenomenon

Cited by 143 publications

References 22 publications

Soil freezing–thawing characteristics and snowmelt infiltration in Cryalfs of Alberta, Canada

Soil freezing–thawing characteristics and snowmelt infiltration in Cryalfs of Alberta, Canada

Electrical Resistivity of a Partially Saturated Porous Medium at Subzero Temperatures

Comparison of Soil‐Freezing and Soil‐Water Characteristic Curves of Two Canadian Soils

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