Freeze-Thaw Performance of 3D Printed Concrete: Influence of Interfaces

Das, Arnesh; Sanchez, Asel Maria Aguilar; Wangler, Timothy; Flatt, Robert J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06116-5_30

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…5(a)) showed the highest residual strain value as compared to the other two types of specimens (Fig. 5(b) and (c)), which is in accordance with the findings of Wang et al 42 This could be due to the fact that FT damage is primarily localized along the weak interfaces, as stated in the literature, 30,34,41 which are perpendicular to the length change measurements for this type of specimen (Fig. 5(a)).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Freezing-and-thawing Damage And Coeff...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…14,19,[22][23][24][25][26] The durability of three-dimensional (3-D)-printed concrete structures is only recently being examined. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The layer-wise process of additive manufacturing with cement-based materials may lead to microstructural heterogeneities such as weak interfaces. 14,25,36 Further research is necessary to understand whether 3-D-printed cement-based elements can be assumed to behave as a homogenous material with an isotropic material response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of cold joints, macropores, and interfaces in the printed cementitious elements may influence their FT response. 30,31,36 In addition, the quality of the entrained air (that is, shape, size, and spacing), commonly used in conventional concrete to increase its FT resistance 37,38 may be altered due to the shearing process, the processing parameters such as extrusion pressure, and the interaction of air-entraining admixtures with other admixtures typically used in the mixture design of printed materials, such as high-range water-reducing admixtures (HRWRAs) and accelerators. 35,39,40 Few studies have investigated the FT response of printed cementitious specimens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,39,40 Few studies have investigated the FT response of printed cementitious specimens. 27,30,34,35,41,42 Das et al 35 used protected paste volume analysis to predict similar performance for the cast and printed specimens under freezing conditions. Das et al 30 measured the FT resistance of printed and cast specimens using ASTM C666 Procedure B and concluded that printed specimens have lower resistance to FT cycles as compared to cast specimens due to high capillary porosity at the interface between the printed filaments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,30,34,35,41,42 Das et al 35 used protected paste volume analysis to predict similar performance for the cast and printed specimens under freezing conditions. Das et al 30 measured the FT resistance of printed and cast specimens using ASTM C666 Procedure B and concluded that printed specimens have lower resistance to FT cycles as compared to cast specimens due to high capillary porosity at the interface between the printed filaments. 30 Zhang et al 34 measured higher FT damage in printed specimens as compared to cast samples using the dynamic elastic modulus; they concluded that the FT-induced damage occurred along weak printed interfaces, and the aggregates were more difficult to dislodge from the surface of printed specimens than cast samples due to the extrusion pressure leading to a densely packed surface in printed materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Effect of Printing Directionality on the Freezing-and-Thawing Response of Three-Dimensional-Printed Cement Paste

Евсеева¹,

Dickey²,

Gupta³

et al. 2023

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The use of three-dimensional (3-D) printing with cementitious materials is increasing in the construction industry. Limited information exists on the freezing-and-thawing (FT) performance of the 3-D-printed elements. A few studies have used standard FT testing procedures (ASTM C666) to assess the FT response; however, ASTM C666 is insensitive to anisotropy caused by printing directionality. This paper investigates the FT response of 3-D-printed cement paste elements using thermomechanical analysis (TMA) to examine the influence of directionality in comparison to cast counterparts. Cement paste with a water-cement ratio (w/c) of 0.275 was used. The critical degree of saturation (DOS CR ) as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE) were determined for specimens with varying degrees of saturation (DOS). Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was conducted to quantitatively understand the heterogeneities in the pore microstructure of 3-D-printed materials. For the specimens fabricated in this study, the COTE and DOS CR are independent of the 3-D-printing directionality and were comparable to conventionally cast specimens. For samples at 100% saturation, the FT damage was higher in the 3-D-printed samples as compared to the cast samples. The use of a low w/c in the 3-D-printed materials, desired from a buildability perspective, led to low capillary porosity, which thus decreased the amount of freezable pore solution and increased the FT resistance of the 3-D-printed materials. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated a significant 4.6 times higher average porosity in the interfacial regions compared to the filament cores.

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Section: Results and Discussion Freezing-and-thawing Damage And Coeff...supporting

confidence: 90%