“…Freeze lining is selected currently by many producers because of its longer life time and low maintenance. A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Dong et al (2014) have simulated the corrosion profile of freeze linings in a FeNi furnace.…”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Freeze lining is selected currently by many producers because of its longer life time and low maintenance. A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Figure 7 Thermal freeze-lining model-section through furnace sidewall (Steenkamp et al 2019).…”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Figure 7 Thermal freeze-lining model-section through furnace sidewall (Steenkamp et al 2019). …”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
The modelling of different parts of Submerged Arc Furnace(SAF) used in ferroalloy production has been investigated and the summary showed that both 2D and 3D simulations will help to improve the process for ferroalloys production. However, most of the developed models are in lack of verification from the industry, which needs to be studied or improved in future. And the modelling on electrodes and lining of SAF is helpful for better understanding the inside environment of the furnace hence decreasing the breaking of electrodes, prolonging the lifetime of lining. Modelling of converters for ferroalloy refining -Creusot Loire Uddeholm (CLU)showed some useful results in terms of mass transfer coefficients, mixing times and plume characteristics.
“…Freeze lining is selected currently by many producers because of its longer life time and low maintenance. A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Dong et al (2014) have simulated the corrosion profile of freeze linings in a FeNi furnace.…”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Freeze lining is selected currently by many producers because of its longer life time and low maintenance. A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Figure 7 Thermal freeze-lining model-section through furnace sidewall (Steenkamp et al 2019).…”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A sketch of freeze lining is shown in Figure 7 (Steenkamp et al 2019). Figure 7 Thermal freeze-lining model-section through furnace sidewall (Steenkamp et al 2019). …”
Section: Modelling Of Lining and Refractory Of Safmentioning
The modelling of different parts of Submerged Arc Furnace(SAF) used in ferroalloy production has been investigated and the summary showed that both 2D and 3D simulations will help to improve the process for ferroalloys production. However, most of the developed models are in lack of verification from the industry, which needs to be studied or improved in future. And the modelling on electrodes and lining of SAF is helpful for better understanding the inside environment of the furnace hence decreasing the breaking of electrodes, prolonging the lifetime of lining. Modelling of converters for ferroalloy refining -Creusot Loire Uddeholm (CLU)showed some useful results in terms of mass transfer coefficients, mixing times and plume characteristics.
“…In facts, the formation of a freeze lining at reactors walls is a key design aspect for several operating furnaces, from flash smelters to top submerged lance (TSL) furnaces. [1][2][3] The presence of solid slag on the walls acts as a protective layer for the refractory lining, therefore increasing its life. Nikolic et al reported an increase in the campaign life of a TSL furnace from 65 to 215 weeks, 4 obtained with a specific development project focusing on the reactor cooling and operating point.…”
The melting behavior of a fayalitic slag was investigated with computational fluid dynamics and validated with experimental data. A heating microscope was employed to perform a typical ash melting behavior (AMB) test, in order to gain information about the melting behavior of the slag. The numerical approach is based on using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, in order to track the interface between the slag and the gas phases, and on the enthalpy–porosity model, in order to simulate the slag as a phase change material (PCM). The combined VOF-PCM model was therefore applied to perform a parameter study on the mushy zone constant $$A_{\rm mushy}$$
A
mushy
, which enters the equations of the enthalpy–porosity sub-model and is an a priori unknown. The goal of the investigation was to determine the correct value for $$A_{\rm mushy}$$
A
mushy
, by comparing the numerical results to the AMB test.
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