Freestanding MXene‐based macroforms for electrochemical energy storage applications

Abstract

Freestanding MXene‐based macroforms have gained significant attention as versatile components in electrochemical energy storage applications owing to their interconnected conductive network, strong mechanical strength, and customizable surface chemistries derived from MXene nanosheets. This comprehensive review article encompasses key aspects related to the synthesis of MXene nanosheets, strategies for structure design and surface medication, surface modification, and the diverse fabrication methods employed to create freestanding MXene‐based macroform architectures. The review also delves into the recent advancements in utilizing freestanding MXene macroforms for electrochemical energy storage applications, offering a detailed discussion on the significant progress achieved thus far. Notably, the correlation between the macroform's structural attributes and its performance characteristics is thoroughly explored, shedding light on the critical factors influencing efficiency and durability. Despite the remarkable development, the review also highlights the existing challenges and presents future perspectives for freestanding MXene‐based macroforms in the realms of high‐performance energy storage devices. By addressing these challenges and leveraging emerging opportunities, the potential of freestanding MXene‐based macroforms can be harnessed to enable groundbreaking advancements in the field of energy storage.

Structure, Properties, and Preparation of MXene and the Application of Its Composites in Supercapacitors

“…The MXene's excellent conductivity ensures rapid electron transmission, making it possible to achieve high-power density supercapacitors. In the manufacturing process of electrodes, conductive agents and current collectors are not even necessary, which helps to improve the energy density of the entire device [53,54].…”

Self-Healable, Self-Adhesive and Degradable MXene-Based Multifunctional Hydrogel for Flexible Epidermal Sensors

“…Despite their ability to mimic the self-healing and appropriate electrical conductivity functions of human skin, most of the reported conductive and self-healing hydrogels cannot be directly affixed to the skin, heart, and other organs of the human body, necessitating the use of supplementary adhesive tapes and straps, thus complicating long-term practical application processes. Moreover, the nonbiodegradability and limited recyclability of conductive hydrogel strain sensors exacerbate the escalating problem of electronic waste accumulation. , MXenes, a category of two-dimensional (2D) conductive nanomaterials characterized by their significant specific surface area and presence of polarized surface-bound functional groups, have been extensively utilized in diverse domains including but not limited to electromagnetic shielding, , catalysis, , wearable electronics, − energy storage, − and biomedical medicine . Especially, the exceptional electrical conductivity of MXene offers a distinct advantage in fabricating highly efficient conductive networks within polymer-based hydrogels, complemented by the hydrogen bonding formed between MXene nanosheets’ surface functional groups and the polymer’s hydroxyl/carboxyl groups, conferring exceptional self-healing properties upon the hydrogels.…”

Ammonium Bifluoride‐Etched MXene Modified Electrode for the All−Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

“…[32] MXene, a large family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides and nitrides, [33] with high conductivity and hydrophilicity is a promising candidate as an electro-catalyst for VRFBs. [34,35] Ti 3 C 2 T x (T x stands for mixed surface terminations) was the first [36] and most widely studied MXene for a range of applications. [34,[37][38][39] A few studies of the use of HF (hydrofluoric acid)-etched MXene's for VRFB have been reported.…”