Frauen als Unternehmerinnen

Döbler, Thomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-08133-3

Cited by 14 publications

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“…With respect to social capital in the form of networks , some research indicates gender‐specific deficits in the networking contacts of female entrepreneurs, drawing attention to the limited outreach and diversity of women entrepreneurs' networks (Aldrich, 1989; Döbler, 1998; Jungbauer‐Gans, 2000; Meyer and Harabi, 2000; Renzulli et al , 1999) as well as their tendency to concentrate on weak relationships. In addition, Brüderl and Preisendörfer (1998) found support from strong tie networks, especially family support, a decisive factor for business success.…”

Section: Support Needs Of Female Entrepreneursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany

Welter

2004

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development

104

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The German government only recently started paying attention to the topic of female entrepreneurship as an important means to raise the overall level of entrepreneurship. Most relevant support policies concentrate on extending and stabilising the financial base of new female‐owned ventures. Relevant consultancy appears to play a less important role, although there has been a shift towards integrated packages in recent years. However, access to mainstream support is implicitly gender biased. Moreover, an integrated strategy for fostering female entrepreneurship also needs to consider that there are shortcomings in the institutional (political and societal) environment, possibly restricting women's interest in entrepreneurship and thus determining the extent of female entrepreneurship.

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Section: Support Needs Of Female Entrepreneursmentioning

confidence: 99%

The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany

Welter

2004

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development

104

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“…Many women start a business to create flexible work schedules that allow them to care for their families (Scott 1986, Döbler 1998, Boden 1999. Financial goals are of inferior importance because women are often not the household's principal earner.…”

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Gender Differences in Business Success of German Start-Up Firms

Gottschalk

Niefert

2011

SSRN Journal

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW.Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server:ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp11019.pdf Non-Technical SummaryMany studies found that women-owned firms underperform when comparing performance indicators at an aggregate level. The performance gap might be attributed to gender differences in personal and firm characteristics affecting performance. However, previous studies were not able to entirely explain female underperformance in this way. There are two theoretical perspectives on the causes of female underperformance. Liberal feminist theory suggests that women lack access to relevant resources like education and business experience or financial capital. Social feminist theory suggests that women have different attitudes and values and, consequently, adopt a different approach to business. This paper shall contribute to a better understanding of the causes of female underperformance using performance indicators related to size, growth and profitability. We analyze whether gender differences in observable characteristics like education, experience, team size, entrepreneurial motivation and industry choice explain differences in performance and how large the impact is. We use data from the KfW/ZEW Start-Up Panel and track the performance of about 4,700 German start-up firms over up to four years after foundation. Sales, two measures of employment growth, and return on sales are used as performance indicators.We find that female-founded firms perform worse for all indicators. At the same time, there are significant gender differences in many of the characteristics observed. Compared to male entrepreneurs, female entrepreneurs have a lower level of formal education, less professional experience, are part of smaller start-up teams, are more often driven by necessity, and are overrepresented in the retail and service industries and in lower-tech industries in general. These differences can explain parts of female entrepreneurial underperformance, but their contribution to the performance gap depends largely on the performance indicator considered.Our results do not provide clear evidence for either liberal or social feminist theory. As to liberal feminist theory, we find that gender differences in founders' resources (human capital, business partners) partly explain the performance gaps in growth and sales. But there is also evidence that the profitability gap becomes even larger when accounting for gender differences in specific resources like the number ...

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The Spatial Embeddedness of Networks for Women Entrepreneurs

Welter¹,

Trettin²

2006

International Studies in Entrepreneurship

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Frauen als Unternehmerinnen

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany

The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany

Gender Differences in Business Success of German Start-Up Firms

The Spatial Embeddedness of Networks for Women Entrepreneurs

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