Frailty phenotype criteria in centenarians: Findings from the Oporto Centenarian Study

Duarte, Natália; Teixeira, Laetitia; Ribeiro, Óscar; Paúl, Constança

doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.015

Cited by 25 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Previous findings from the Oporto study estimated the prevalence of frailty at 60% among 50 Portuguese centenarians [25]. The results of the 5-COOP study confirm that frailty involves a majority of centenarians in a much larger sample and are in line with the above-mentioned studies [9,15,20,24].…”

Section: Prevalence and Characteristics Of Frailtysupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A French study among 512 nonagenarians reported that 54% of the participants met the criteria for frailty, in the absence of disability in half of them [9]. In 2014, a Portuguese study estimated the prevalence of frailty at 60% in a sample of 50 centenarians [25]. Considered altogether, these figures indicate a steep increase in the prevalence of frailty at higher ages, as well as the paucity of data about frailty at very old age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frailty and Associated Factors among Centenarians in the 5-COOP Countries

et al. 2018

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Background: The global number of centenarians is still strongly growing and information about the health and healthcare needs of this segment of the population is needed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of frailty among centenarians included in a multinational study and to investigate associated factors. Methods: The 5-COOP study is a cross-sectional survey including 1,253 centenarians in 5 countries (Japan, France, Switzerland, Denmark, and Sweden). Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire during a face-to-face interview (73.3%), telephone interview (14.5%), or by postal questionnaire (12.2%). The 5 dimensions of the frailty phenotype (weight loss, fatigue, weakness, slow walking speed, and low level of physical activity) were assessed by using self-reported data. Factors associated with frailty criteria were investigated by using multivariate regression models. Results: Almost 95% of the participants had at least 1 frailty criterion. The overall prevalence of frailty (3 criteria or more) was 64.7% (from 51.5% in Sweden to 77.6% in Switzerland), and 32.2% of the participants had 4 or 5 criteria. The most frequent criteria were weakness (84.2%), slow walking speed (77.6%), and low level of physical activity (72.5%), followed by fatigue (43.8%) and weight loss (23.8%). Factors associated with frailty included data collection modes, country of residence, gender, living in institution, depression, dementia, disability, falls, and sensory impairments. Conclusions: This study shows that reaching 100 years of age rarely goes without frailty and sheds light on factors associated with frailty at a very old age.

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Section: Prevalence and Characteristics Of Frailtysupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty and Associated Factors among Centenarians in the 5-COOP Countries

et al. 2018

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“…cognitive, sensorial), which are commonly associated with morbidity and dependence. [8][9][10] Findings from 2014 regarding the Active Ageing Index which measures the extent to which older people can realize their full potential in terms of employment, participation in social and cultural life and independent living) revealed that Portugal appears in the 16 th place on the ranking of EU 28 countries in the overall domain, but only in the 21 st place in the independent living domain, 5 reinforcing the great need of some source of support in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional, Sensorial, Mobility and Communication Difficulties in the Portuguese Oldest Old (80+)

2017

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RESUMOIntrodução: O envelhecimento da população é evidente na maioria dos países desenvolvidos, e o grupo dos muito idosos é um dos segmentos da população com mais rápido crescimento. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as características sociodemográficas e de saúde dos muito idosos portugueses, usando uma abordagem baseada nos dados dos censos populacionais. Material e Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo descritivo considerando todos os residentes com 80 ou mais anos à data dos Censos 2011 (n = 532 219). Os dados dos questionários dos Censos acerca das características sociodemográficas, funções sensoriais (visão, audição), estado funcional (andar/subir degraus, tomar banho/vestir-se sozinho), cognição (memória/concentração) e comunicação (compreender os outros/fazer-se entender) foram analisados. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos muito idosos são mulheres (64,5%), viúvos (53,9%), analfabetos (46,1%) e vivem em contexto domiciliar (88,8%). Andar/subir degraus (57,1%), visão (39,1%) e audição (35,1%) foram as dimensões onde os muito idosos apresentavam maiores constrangimentos. Em paralelo, compreender os outros/fazer-se entender (25,9%) e memória/ concentração (34,4%) foram as dimensões com percentagens mais baixas de dificuldade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a população octogenária/nonagenária e a população centenária para a visão, andar/subir escadas, e tomar banho/vestir-se sozinho, com os centenários a apresentarem uma maior percentagem de dificuldade. Discussão: Os muito idosos portugueses apresentam dificuldades significativas nas atividades de vida diária, contudo, as capacidades cognitivas e de comunicação parecem ser comummente mantidas. Em conjunto, estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de assistência funcional, mas que pode ser, em última instância, gerida pelo próprio idoso. Conclusão: Considerando as diferenças observadas entre os centenários e os idosos mais jovens, devem ser equacionadas intervenções capazes de responder às necessidades potencialmente específicas de cada grupo. Palavras-chave: Actividades da Vida Diária; Avaliação da Deficiência; Censo; Demografia; Idoso, 80 anos e mais; Idoso Fragilizado; Portugal ABSTRACT Introduction:The ageing of populations is evident in most developed countries, and the oldest old group is one of the segments with the fastest growing. The aim of this paper is to examine sociodemographic and health related characteristics of the portuguese oldest old, using a census-based approach. Material and Methods:A descriptive study considering all residents aged 80 years and older at the time of the 2011 Census (n = 532 219) was conducted. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, sensory functions (seeing, hearing), functional status (walking/climbing stairs, bathing/dressing alone), cognition (memory/concentration), and communication (understanding others/being understood) as assessed by the Portuguese census official questionnaires were analyzed. Results: Findings revealed that most of the oldest old are women (64.5%), w...

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“…Due to unavailability of data and research on frailty in centenarians, we are not able to make comparisons between China and other countries to examine whether the sex difference in the DI scores persists. However, two recent studies focusing on nearcentenarians and centenarians show that women are frailer than men in terms of phenotypic frailty [41] and accumulative deficit index [13]. More studies are clearly needed to further verify the gender difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may not be appropriate to take it for granted that centenarians necessarily follow a general trajectory of health decline at old ages, as this group has been through significant mortality selection. In fact, some scholars argue that centenarians could be relatively healthy [17,18]; however, more studies have refuted that centenarians tend to be the most vulnerable and sickest in terms of physical and physiological function, and other reserve capacities [19,20]. Regardless of the debate as above, researchers tend to acknowledge that a large variation exists among centenarians in physical/cognitive functions, disease conditions as well as psychological well-being [17,19,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frailty Still Matters for Health and Survival in Centenarians: The Case of China

2015

The Gerontologist

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Background: Frailty indicates accumulated vulnerability of adverse health outcomes in later life. Its robustness in predicting dependent living, falls, comorbidity, disability, health change, mortality, and health care utilization at older ages is well-documented. However, almost no studies have ever attempted to examine its robustness in centenarians, mainly due to data unavailability. This study examines prevalence of frailty in centenarians and its predictive powers on subsequent mortality and health conditions. Methods: We use a sample of 4434 centenarians from the 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), with elders in three younger age groups 65-79, 80-89, and 90-99 as comparisons. Frailty is measured by a cumulative deficit index (DI) that is constructed from 39 variables covering physical and cognitive function, disease conditions, psychological well-being, and other health dimensions. Survival analysis is conducted to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent mortality at an average follow-up length of 3.7 years (2.6 years for deceased persons died in 2002-2011 and 7.6 years for survived persons at the 2011 wave). Logistic regressions are applied to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent physical and cognitive functions, disease conditions, and self-rated health with an average follow-up length of 3.0 years. Results: The study reveals that centenarians are frailer than younger elders. The DI scores increase from less than 0.1 at ages 65-79 to over 0.30 in centenarians. Women are frailer than men at all ages. However, there is a great variation in frailty among all age groups. We also find that each additional increase of 0.01 score of the DI is associated with 1.6 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.014-1.018) in female centenarians and 1.4 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.010-1.018) in male centenarians, although these associations are weaker than those in other three younger age groups. Conclusions: Frailty still plays an important role in determining subsequent health outcomes and mortality in centenarians.

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Frailty phenotype criteria in centenarians: Findings from the Oporto Centenarian Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Frailty and Associated Factors among Centenarians in the 5-COOP Countries

Frailty and Associated Factors among Centenarians in the 5-COOP Countries

Functional, Sensorial, Mobility and Communication Difficulties in the Portuguese Oldest Old (80+)

Frailty Still Matters for Health and Survival in Centenarians: The Case of China

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