2015
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128094
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Abstract: Muscle injury induces a classical inflammatory response in which cells of the innate immune system rapidly invade the tissue. Macrophages are prominently involved in this response and required for proper healing, as they are known to be important for clearing cellular debris and supporting satellite cell differentiation. Here, we sought to assess the role of the adaptive immune system in muscle regeneration after acute damage. We show that T lymphocytes are transiently recruited into the muscle after damage an… Show more

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Cited by 142 publications
(128 citation statements)
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“…However, immune cells, including APCs, are in physiological conditions virtually absent and the tissue expression of MHC class I or class II molecules is limited (Figure 1). Moreover, the outcome of sterile inflammation in the skeletal muscle appears to be the recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages and of regulatory T cells that play non-redundant roles in muscle regeneration and possibly contribute to limit autoimmunity 7,8 (see below). Thus, muscle inflammation comprises signals that possibly contribute to initiate tissue regeneration and to terminate it in a timely manner once the tissue has healed and its homeostatic function is no longer required.…”
Section: Unique Immune Privileges Of the Skeletal Musclementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, immune cells, including APCs, are in physiological conditions virtually absent and the tissue expression of MHC class I or class II molecules is limited (Figure 1). Moreover, the outcome of sterile inflammation in the skeletal muscle appears to be the recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages and of regulatory T cells that play non-redundant roles in muscle regeneration and possibly contribute to limit autoimmunity 7,8 (see below). Thus, muscle inflammation comprises signals that possibly contribute to initiate tissue regeneration and to terminate it in a timely manner once the tissue has healed and its homeostatic function is no longer required.…”
Section: Unique Immune Privileges Of the Skeletal Musclementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This action is mediated by the productive interaction with muscle stem cells. 7,8 In contrast, the accumulation of conventional CD4 + or CD8 + T lymphocytes reflects persistent inflammatory and immune-mediated injury, such as that taking place as a consequence of muscular dystrophy or inflammatory myopathies. 72,73 Figure 3 depicts some cellular players of muscle regeneration.…”
Section: The Regeneration Of Injured Muscles Depends On Inflammationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…De même, in vitro, les lymphocytes sécrètent des cytokines susceptibles de favoriser directement la myogenèse [28]. Différentes études ont montré que les lymphocytes Treg favorisent la conversion des macrophages vers le phénotype anti-inflammatoire, qu'ils stimulent la prolifération des cellules satellites à la suite d'une blessure stérile et promeuvent la régénération musculaire (Figure 2) [29,30]. Cependant, d'autres études sont nécessaires afin de comprendre le rôle exact et les mécanismes d'action des différents types de lymphocytes dans la régénération musculaire stérile.…”
Section: Résolution De L'inflammation Et Régénération Musculaireunclassified
“…The initial inflammatory phase occurs in response to acute muscle damage; that is followed by the resolution phase whereby specific cell types are recruited into the damaged muscle; and finally the repair phase, which facilitates muscle regeneration and angiogenesis to reinstate tissue homeostasis ( Figure 1). A range of cell types can infiltrate injured skeletal muscle including innate leukocytes such as neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells, eosinophils and cells of the adaptive immune response including regulatory T cells and CD8 + T cells [8][9][10][11][12].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%