Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

Ali, Haider; Ren, Xingang; Bari, Inam; Bashir, Muhammad Adil; Hashmi, Anas; Khan, Muhammad Abbas; Majid, Saad Ijaz; Jan, Naveed; Tareen, Wajahat Ullah Khan; Anjum, Muhammad Rizwan

doi:10.3390/electronics11010035

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results show that the ECC values obtained are all lower than 0.05, as shown in Figure 23. The equation for calculating the ECC value is as follows [15]: The glasses antenna proposed in this article has a MIMO system. In addition to observing whether there is a mutual influence between the antennas through the isolation, the ECC value is usually used to judge whether the independence between the antennas is good.…”

Section: Efficiency Gain and Ecc Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that the ECC values obtained are all lower than 0.05, as shown in Figure 23. The equation for calculating the ECC value is as follows [15]:…”

Section: Efficiency Gain and Ecc Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of monopole antennas is that they can be applied in different types of wireless communication technologies, including 4G LTE, 5G mm Wave, BT, GPS, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi 6E, with high efficiency and high gain [11][12][13][14][15]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Chung¹,

Hsiao²

2022

Electronics

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Multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems are the mainstream of current antenna design. This paper proposes a dual-band 6 × 6 MIMO glasses antenna for Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 indoor wireless communication. The six antennas have the same structure, all of which are F-shaped monopole antennas. They are on the left and right temples, at the upper and lower ends of the left and right frames, which effectively uses the space of the glasses. The substrate uses FR4 (εr=4.4, tanδ=0.02). The antenna design is compact (9 mm × 50 mm × 0.8 mm) and the glasses model is made of FR4. The overall model is similar to virtual reality (VR) glasses, which are convenient for a user to wear. The proposed antenna has three working frequency bands, at 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz. Through matching and optimization, the reflection coefficient can be lower than −10 dB. In addition, this paper evaluates two usage environments for simulation and measurement on the head and free space. The measurement results show that when the operating frequency band is at 2.45 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.1%, and the antenna gain is 1.9 dB. At 5.5 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 86.5%, and the antenna gain is 4.4 dB. At 6.7 GHz, the antenna efficiency is 85.4%, and the antenna gain is 3.7 dB. When the isolation of the MIMO antenna system is optimized, the low-frequency band is better than −10 dB, and the high-frequency band is better than −20 dB. The measured envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) values are all lower than 0.1.

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Section: Efficiency Gain and Ecc Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results show that the ECC values obtained are all lower than 0.05, as shown in Figure 23. The equation for calculating the ECC value is as follows [15]:…”

Section: Efficiency Gain and Ecc Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Chung¹,

Hsiao²

2022

Electronics

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“…Year SAR (W/Kg) (1 g) SAR (W/K [46] 2020 (sim) 0.35 0.2 [47] 2020 (sim) 1.22 - [48] 2021 (sim) 0.29/0.2/0.22 0.13/0.0 [49] 2021 (sim) 0.9 - [50] 2022 (sim) 0.37 0.2 [51] 2020 (sim) 5.95 - [52] 2021 (sim) 0.25 0.5 [53] 2021 (sim) 36.3 44 [54] 2019 (sim) 0.3 - [55] 2019 (sim) 0.6 - [56] 2020 (sim) 0.84 - [57] 2019 (sim) -1. [58] 2021 (sim) 0.9 -…”

Section: Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric–Metal Barrier for Low Specific Absorption Rate and Wide-Band Felt Substrate Antenna for Medical and 5G Applications

et al. 2023

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This study proposed the dimensions of 55 mm × 34 mm × 1 mm for wearable antenna; the copper Y-slot patch and copper partial ground are attached to a felt substrate. The partial ground has the higher impact in antenna gain enhancement compared with the full ground, making it the most suitable candidate for wearable applications and suitable for embedding in fabrics for use in medical applications. In addition, the proposed antenna design combined a fabric–metal barrier operated at 2.4 GHz 65.4% with a low specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.01 watts per kilogramme (W/kg) and 0.006 W/kg per 10 g and a gain of 6.48 dBi. The proposed antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern. The two-layer barrier is designed to achieve high electromagnetic (EM) absorption and reduce the antenna’s absorption coefficient (SAR) for safe use in applications involving human activities. Simulation and measurement results on the arm and the head of the human body indicated that the antenna has excellent performance. In addition, the measurement results agreed well with the simulation results, making the proposed wearable antenna reliable for medical and 5G applications.

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“…According to 3GPP, the 5G sub-6 GHz frequency bands are classified under FR1, more specifically they are designated by the numbers n77 (3.3-4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3-3.8 GHz), and n79 (4.4-5.0 GHz) [66]. Among the FR1 frequency bands, n79 has become one of the most promising candidates for future mobile applications and has been extensively studied by many researchers [67], [68]. We can also use this frequency band for antenna sensor development, paving the way for the proposed sensor to be used in existing wireless systems [14], [69].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosilver Inkjet-Printed CPW-Fed Flexible Antenna Sensor for Contactless Liquid Acetone/Water Detection

Hossain,

Dang,

Cheffena

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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We present the design and development of a combined octagonal and square-shaped coplanar waveguide (CPW)fed nanosilver inkjet-printed on Kapton polyimide-based flexible antenna sensor for liquid acetone/water detection which is the first of its kind. Sensing was performed by monitoring the resonant frequency and its corresponding amplitude of the reflection coefficient. Our experimental results show that the antenna sensor is able to distinguish between water and acetone, and it can also respond to varying concentration levels of acetone. The overall size of the antenna sensor is 0.564λ 0 ×0.627λ 0 ×0.001175λ 0 , where λ 0 is calculated at 4.7 GHz. The proposed sensor can operate under deformed conditions, making it suitable for sensing near a liquid mixture (acetone-water) by wrapping around the sample holder surface. The results without materials under test show a 10-dB impedance bandwidth between 4.61 GHz and 4.81 GHz in simulations, and from 4.42 GHz to 4.86 GHz in measurements. The simulation results also show a peak realized gain of 4.44 dBi with a maximum total efficiency of 92.8%. In comparison, the measured gain of 4.12 dBi at 4.7 GHz with a maximum total efficiency of 76.5%. Furthermore, experimental results considering the materials under test show that the resonant frequency of the sensor was at 4.63 GHz and 4.54 GHz without-and with-100% acetone presence in liquid mixtures, respectively. Thus, the proposed antenna sensor has great potential in non-contact liquid acetone sensing applications, paving the way for antenna-based liquid sensing solutions.

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Four-Port MIMO Antenna System for 5G n79 Band RF Devices

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Dual-Band 6 × 6 MIMO Antenna System for Glasses Applications Compatible with Wi-Fi 6E and 7 Wireless Communication Standards

Fabric–Metal Barrier for Low Specific Absorption Rate and Wide-Band Felt Substrate Antenna for Medical and 5G Applications

Nanosilver Inkjet-Printed CPW-Fed Flexible Antenna Sensor for Contactless Liquid Acetone/Water Detection

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