Four new species of Elatosara (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Myanmar and the Philippines

New findings of the Caenis ulmeriana-group (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) in the Western Ghats, India

“…The larvae of C. ulmeriana from India exhibit slight variations in the shape of forceps, increased denticulation in the mid claw, a reduced number of setae in the Y-ridge of tergalius II, and differing shape of sternum IX compared to other continental and island populations. Similar variations have been observed in continental populations of C. ulmeriana in Thailand, Myanmar, and the Philippines (Malzacher & Sangpradub, 2021;Malzacher, 2023). These variations in larval and adult characters of C. ulmeriana may be attributed to phenotypic plasticity (Peckarsky et al, 2001).…”

“…Malzacher & Sangpradub (2021) identified the C. ulmeriana group larvae from Thailand with slight variations in the male subimaginal characters. Subsequently, Malzacher (2023) recorded the larva of C. ulmeriana group from Myanmar and the Philippines. In continuation of this trend, the larvae of C. ulmeriana are now documented for the first time within one of the world's biodiversity hotspots-the Western Ghats, extending its distribution by over 1000 kilometers from previous records.…”

“…Distribution. The species is reported from India (new record), Java (Malzacher, 2015), Sumatra (Malzacher, 2015), Thailand (Malzacher, 2015;Malzacher & Sangpradub, 2021), Myanmar (Malzacher, 2023) and Philippines (Malzacher, 2023) (Fig. 28).…”