Fouling and cleaning of plate heat exchangers: Dairy application

Sharma, Abhishek; Macchietto, Sandro

doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2020.12.005

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Because milk is perishable, thermal treatment such as pasteurization and ultrahigh temperature sterilization is necessary to ensure its safety and long shelf life . In modern dairy processing, these thermal processes are usually performed using plate heat exchangers; however, the high treatment temperatures can cause accumulation of unwanted milk deposits on heat transfer surfaces, that is, fouling, that mainly contain proteins and minerals. , Fouling formation leads to increased resistance to heat transfer and reduced process efficiency, hence compromising the efficacy of thermal treatment and threatening the microbiological safety of final products . In addition, fouling prevents process operation from a long continuous run because regular shutdown for cleaning is needed to meet the hygiene requirements …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although CIP can reduce cleaning time and improve process efficiency, its operation is water- and energy-intensive because of the excessive use of warm water and harsh chemicals, resulting in significant environmental burdens . Moreover, CIP operation generates a large amount of wastewater with a high level of biological oxygen demand, resulting in additional production cost for wastewater treatment . Therefore, environmentally friendly cleaning technologies that can reduce the use of water and chemicals in current CIP operation are in an urgent need.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In modern dairy processing, these thermal processes are usually performed using plate heat exchangers; however, the high treatment temperatures can cause accumulation of unwanted milk deposits on heat transfer surfaces, that is, fouling, that mainly contain proteins and minerals. 1,2 Fouling formation leads to increased resistance to heat transfer and reduced process efficiency, hence compromising the efficacy of thermal treatment and threatening the microbiological safety of final products. 3 In addition, fouling prevents process operation from a long continuous run because regular shutdown for cleaning is needed to meet the hygiene requirements.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Moreover, CIP operation generates a large amount of wastewater with a high level of biological oxygen demand, resulting in additional production cost for wastewater treatment. 1 Therefore, environmentally friendly cleaning technologies that can reduce the use of water and chemicals in current CIP operation are in an urgent need.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbubble-Assisted Cleaning To Enhance the Removal of Milk Deposits from the Heat Transfer Surface

Chung

Tsai

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing for removal of fouling deposits to ensure not only optimal operability of process equipment but also product safety and quality. In modern large-scale processing plants, cleaning is commonly achieved by cleaning-in-place (CIP) operation, which, however, consumes large amounts of water, energy, and chemicals. Because of their unique interfacial physicochemical properties, this study incorporated microbubbles (MBs) into water as a novel cleaning agent for the prerinse step of CIP operation, aiming to enhance its cleaning efficiency. MB-infused water (MB water) was introduced into bench-top spinning disc apparatus to clean milk deposits fouled on a stainless-steel surface. A computational fluid dynamics model was built to predict the contact frequency of MBs with deposits under swirl flow and further identify the cleaning conditions that provided maximum MB–deposit contact. MB–deposit attachment was visualized by microscopic imaging. A series of cleaning experiments were conducted at 25–55 °C and a Reynolds number (Re) of 3380–5403, and incorporation of MBs into water with 1431 bubbles/mL proved effective in increasing the cleaning efficiency at 25 °C and a Re of 4392 and 5403 by 27 and 31%, respectively. However, increasing water temperature and decreasing Re and bubble density were found to make the effect of MBs on cleaning insignificant. The findings of this study can serve as the groundwork for developing an MB-assisted CIP system to improve the environmental performance of food manufacturing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Microbubble-Assisted Cleaning To Enhance the Removal of Milk Deposits from the Heat Transfer Surface

Chung

Tsai

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…However, the development and production of antifouling materials are relatively expensive and most of the technologies are immature. The most common method used in industry is to clean up the fouling in the reactors by physical, chemical or biological ways, and there were many related investigations and reports (Bouvier et al 2018;Henry et al 2012;Lei et al 2011;Sharma and Macchietto 2020). The cleaning process of the fouling is usually complicated and cumbersome, which inevitably increases the production cost and causes economic losses (Gu et al 2019;Nam et al 2016;Pretoro et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soft tubular model reactor based on the bionics of a small intestine: anti particulate fouling by peristalsis

Zhang

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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The formation and accumulation of the fouling in traditional reactors made of rigid materials is a serious issue in industry, and the general fouling inhibition measures and cleaning are cumbersome, time-consuming and high cost. In this study, a new soft flexible tubular reactor (i.e. the small intestine model reactor, SIMR) was designed and constructed based on bioinspiration of the structural features and functionalities of the human small intestine. The anti-particulate fouling and the cleaning of the fouling were achieved through the SIMR with the simulated peristalsis, and the effects of antifouling were found to depend on the peristaltic frequency and effective peristaltic distance. The experimental results showed that the increased local Reynolds number induced by the increased peristaltic frequency reduced the fouling percentage of particulates in the SIMR. The fouling percentage at local Reynolds number of 2433 decreased about 37% compared with that at local Reynolds number of 159. The fouling percentage decreased 67.1% when the effective distance of peristalsis increased to 17.2 cm. The regular change of peristaltic location significantly decreased the fouling percentage. Under the peristaltic frequency of 40 times/min, the fouling percentage in the SIMR with regular change of the peristaltic location was reduced by 78.7% compared with that without peristalsis. The peristalsis noticeably facilitated the cleaning of the fouling in the SIMR, and basically all the fouling in the SIMR was cleaned up at local Reynolds number of 1864 induced by the peristaltic frequency of 30 times/min.

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Overview of Fouling – An Industrial Jeopardy

Unnikrishnan

Lavanya

2023

ChemBioEng Reviews

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A brief insight into fouling and its various types, which impose a hurdle on the performance of an apparatus and ultimately a negative impact on the environment as a whole due to the excess unwanted deposits, is given. Within the various types mentioned, specific cases of fouling occurrences in each are also highlighted. The mechanism associated with the specific cases as well as the difficulties arising are mentioned as interpreted from previous literature and experiments. There are cases where more than one type of fouling is found to be simultaneously occurring, which is referred to as composite fouling. Numerous parameters control this phenomenon, along with some exceptions associated with the same. Few membranes or plates or their physical aspects prove to be quite effective in withstanding or overcoming a specific type of fouling. Mitigation of fouling demands proper monitoring and control of the chemical processes to ensure lesser damage to the equipments. Industrial fouling in general and specific scenarios of fouling are overviewed and discussed.

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Fouling and cleaning of plate heat exchangers: Dairy application

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Microbubble-Assisted Cleaning To Enhance the Removal of Milk Deposits from the Heat Transfer Surface

Microbubble-Assisted Cleaning To Enhance the Removal of Milk Deposits from the Heat Transfer Surface

A soft tubular model reactor based on the bionics of a small intestine: anti particulate fouling by peristalsis

Overview of Fouling – An Industrial Jeopardy

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