Formulation for Oral Delivery of Lactoferrin Based on Bovine Serum Albumin and Tannic Acid Multilayer Microcapsules

Abstract

Lactoferrin (Lf) has considerable potential as a functional ingredient in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. However, the bioavailability of Lf is limited as it is susceptible to digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract. The shells comprising alternate layers of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tannic acid (TA) were tested as Lf encapsulation system for oral administration. Lf absorption by freshly prepared porous 3 μm CaCO3 particles followed by Layer-by-Layer assembly of the BSA-TA shells and dissolution of the CaCO3 cores was suggested as the most efficient and harmless Lf loading method. The microcapsules showed high stability in gastric conditions and effectively protected encapsulated proteins from digestion. Protective efficiency was found to be 76 ± 6% and 85 ± 2%, for (BSA-TA)4 and (BSA-TA)8 shells, respectively. The transit of Lf along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mice was followed in vivo and ex vivo using NIR luminescence. We have demonstrated that microcapsules released Lf in small intestine allowing 6.5 times higher concentration than in control group dosed with the same amount of free Lf. Significant amounts of Lf released from microcapsules were then absorbed into bloodstream and accumulated in liver. Suggested encapsulation system has a great potential for functional foods providing lactoferrin.

Lactoferrin Reverses Methotrexate Driven Epithelial Barrier Defect by Inhibiting TGF-β Mediated Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

“…By inhibiting this process lactoferrin may allow for both improved safety in chemotherapeutic protocols which utilize methotrexate, as well as improving tolerance of methotrexate given for therapy of autoimmune disease such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Encouragingly, recent evidence suggest that lactoferrin can be formulated for efficient delivery to the small intestine 57 .…”

Impact of Nanocapsules on Red Blood Cells Interplay Jointly Assessed by Optical Tweezers and Microscopy

“…Polymeric nanocapsules (NCs) are a promising system of natural carriers for targeted drug delivery because of their low cytotoxicity, shell flexibility, and high in vivo stability [22][23][24][25][26]. A wide range of drugs [27][28][29] and nucleotides of ribonucleic acid (RNA)/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [30][31][32] can be effectively encapsulated in the polymer capsules. Effective distribution of drugs in target tissues can be achieved by active delivery methods that are potentially much more beneficial than passive accumulation.…”

Plant‐Inspired Pyrogallol‐Containing Functional Materials

“…Several studies have introduced protein shells consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and multiple TA n‐layers (e.g., (TA/BSA) n ) . Kilic et al reported that assembled TA/BSA layers encapsulated and protected lactoferrin proteins upon oral delivery, were capable of passing through the stomach with minimal proteolytic digestion, and were retained in the intestines ( Figure A) . For the LbL‐assembled TA/BSA layers, porous CaCO 3 microparticles containing lactoferrin were utilized as temporal substrates and removed after protein shell formation.…”

“…B) Fluorescent mapping of mice as a function of time after the oral administration of lactoferrin alone (conjugated with Cy7) (top) and lactoferrin‐encapsulating TA/BSA shells. Reproduced under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons 4.0 International License . Copyright 2017, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.…”