Formulation and Evaluation of <i>Binahong </i>Leaves Extract Gel on Wound Healing of the Palatal Mucosa

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and integrated process that requires the collective roles of various cells and tissues of the palatal mucosa. During the proliferation phase, the sum of fibroblasts increases in response to damaged oral tissues. Thus, the number of fibroblast cells in the palatal mucosa is a substantial indicator of wound healing. Binahong leaves possess the potential to accelerate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the effect of Binahong leaves extract (BLE) gel on wound healing of the palatal mucosa by investigating the fibroblast cell count in Wistar rats. This experimental study was carried out in several stages which included the collection and processing of fresh Binahong leaves followed by extraction with 70% ethanol using maceration method. The extract was formulated to be a gel product with a concentration of 3%, 5%, and 7%. BLE gel was administered to Wistar rats which were deliberately injured at the palatal mucosa by excision. Wound healing was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the number of fibroblast cells was counted. The result of fibroblast proliferation was analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test with a significance level of 95%. There were significant differences in fibroblast cell proliferation between all test groups except between base gel and Aloclair® gel, base gel and BLE gel 7%, Aloclair® gel and BLE gel 7%, BLE gel 3% and BLE gel 5%. Application of BLE gel 3% promotes better wound healing of the palatal mucosa of Wistar rats.

Effects of 3% binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract gel on alveolar bone healing in post-extraction tooth socket wound in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

“…The concentration of the Binahong leaf extract gel in this study was chosen based on a previous research by Hanafiah et al , which examined the effects of Binahong leaf extract gel on the healing of palatal mucosal wounds. 30 Among the various Binahong leaf extract gel concentrations in the research, 3% Binahong leaf extract gel showed the best affinity in increasing fibroblast proliferation. 30 In this study, the RSV in every treatment group decreased over time and the Binahong group showed a lower RSV in comparison with the other treatment groups on the 7 th and the 14 th day (p < 0.05).…”

“… 30 Among the various Binahong leaf extract gel concentrations in the research, 3% Binahong leaf extract gel showed the best affinity in increasing fibroblast proliferation. 30 In this study, the RSV in every treatment group decreased over time and the Binahong group showed a lower RSV in comparison with the other treatment groups on the 7 th and the 14 th day (p < 0.05). A lower RSV implied a decrease in socket wound size, so it can be assumed that the Binahong group showed a better affinity in accelerating wound closure compared to the positive and negative control groups.…”

“…In a second mortar, a mixture of 10 mL distilled water, 0.125 g of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) (Merck, Germany), nipagin (Merck, Germany), and nipasol (Merck, Germany) were stirred until homogeneous. 30 The second mortar mixture was poured into the first mortar and the mixture was stirred until it was homogeneous. To obtain 20 g of 3% Binahong leaf extract gel, 0.6 g of Binahong leaf extract was added to the base gel and the mixture was stirred until it was homogenous ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…Hanafiah et al showed that Binahong leaf extract could increase the proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and also proved that 3% Binahong leaf extract gel could accelerate palatal mucosal wound healing in rats by increasing the proliferation of fibroblasts. 29 , 30 The study of Khoswanto et al showed that the application of 10% Binahong leaf extract gel could increase the expression of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and osteoblasts in the tooth socket wound of rats on the 7 th day post-extraction. 3…”

Wound Healing Activity of Binahong Leaf Extract Nanogel on Oral Tissues

“…Besides, injury in the palatal site is undeniable which can be caused by trauma, defect, or surgical procedures [6,7]. Palatal wound usually heals in 2-3 w and is more likely to develop scar tissue after healing [8]. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process which involves numbers of cells and chemical mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) as described in many studies [9,10].…”