Formation of multiscale surface structures on nickel via above surface growth and below surface growth mechanisms using femtosecond laser pulses

Zuhlke, Craig; Anderson, Troy D.; Alexander, Dennis R.

doi:10.1364/oe.21.008460

Cited by 125 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Figure 4 shows Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of a Ni surface decorated with nanostructures after micromachining with different fluences. Different mechanisms were proposed to explain the formation of laser-induced nanostructures, such as hydrodynamic processes that originate from localized nanoscale melt, bubble cavitation, and nanoparticle redeposition [68,[84][85][86][87]. Coloured metals were fabricated by producing nanostructures on the surface.…”

Section: Random Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures on Metals by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining

2014

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Abstract:Femtosecond laser micromachining has emerged in recent years as a new technique for micro/nano structure fabrication because of its applicability to virtually all kinds of materials in an easy one-step process that is scalable. In the past, much research on femtosecond laser micromachining was carried out to understand the complex ablation mechanism, whereas recent works are mostly concerned with the fabrication of surface structures because of their numerous possible applications. The state-of-the-art knowledge on the fabrication of these structures on metals with direct femtosecond laser micromachining is reviewed in this article. The effect of various parameters, such as fluence, number of pulses, laser beam polarization, wavelength, incident angle, scan velocity, number of scans, and environment, on the formation of different structures is discussed in detail wherever possible. Furthermore, a guideline for surface structures optimization is provided. The authors' experimental work on laser-inscribed regular pattern fabrication is presented to give a complete picture of micromachining processes. Finally, possible applications of laser-machined surface structures in different fields are briefly reviewed.

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Section: Random Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures on Metals by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining

2014

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“…The first utilizes the square flat topped beam for repetitive stationary laser ablation and fluid flow due to surface melt and tension gradients [18]- [20]. This causes structures to grow until they become large enough to scatter light from incoming laser pulses.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Micro/nanoscale Structure Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As this progresses, laser energy causes preferential valley ablation, induced fluid flow up the sides of the structures, and redeposition of ablated material from the valleys on the tops of the structures [21]- [24]. The second technique is rastering of the Gaussian-shaped beam profile across the sample surface [20]. By varying the laser fluence and number of incident pulses, physical characteristics of surfaces structures can be optimized for spacing, peak to valley height, or structure density, etc.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Micro/nanoscale Structure Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser power was controlled using a half waveplate and a polarizer. All surface processing was completed in open atmosphere [20]. Material composition analysis of the processed sample revealed traces of oxygen which have been attributed to surface oxidation.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Micro/nanoscale Structure Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This beam profile was created using a refractive beam shaper from Eksma Optics (GTH-4-2.2FA). The laser fluence varied by less than 20% across the central portion of the beam; any fluence fluctuations in the flat-top distribution are attributed to the asymmetries and inhomogeneity of the input beam [20]. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the femtosecond laser setup.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Micro/nanoscale Structure Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of droplet diameter on the Leidenfrost temperature of laser processed multiscale structured surfaces

Hassebrook

Kruse

Wilson

et al. 2014

Fourteenth Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm)

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In this paper, an experimental investigation of the effects of droplet diameters on the Leidenfrost temperature and its shifts has been carried out. Tests were conducted on a 304 stainless steel polished surface and a stainless steel surface which was processed by a femtosecond laser to form Above Surface Growth (ASG) nano/microstructures. To determine the Leidenfrost temperatures, the droplet lifetime method was employed for both the polished and processed surfaces. A precision dropper was used to vary the size of droplets from 1.5 to 4 millimeters. The Leidenfrost temperature was shown to display shifts as high as 85 O C on the processed surface over the range of droplet sizes, as opposed to a 45 O C shift on the polished surface. The difference between the shifts was attributed to the nature of the force balance between dynamic pressure of droplets and vapor pressure of the insulating vapor layer.

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Self‐Limited Ice Formation and Efficient De‐Icing on Superhydrophobic Micro‐Structured Airfoils through Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Alamri

Vercillo

Aguilar‐Morales

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Surface contamination by ice poses a hazard to industries ranging from power transmission to transportation by ground, sea and air. The aviation industry is particularly affected by icing phenomena that manifest as a reduction in fuel efficiency and compromised aerodynamic lift, which can impair flight safety. [1] Consequently, there is a worldwide scientific effort to understand the physics of icing, aiming to develop effective and efficient anti-icing and de-icing strategies. [2] Icing can occur while aircraft are on the ground or in the air. On the ground, when freezing precipitation contaminates the surfaces of an aircraft, safety protocols delay that aircraft's scheduled flight. In fact, contamination necessarily needs to be removed since it alters aerodynamic properties and, like on a snow-covered car, ice fragments can be sheared off by aerodynamic drag and fly into the engines. A typical ground de-icing operation consists in directly spraying an aircraft with a mixture of warm water and glycol. [3] Generally, ice contamination in the air is caused by the impact of supercooled water droplets found in clouds. Depending on several conditions, droplets may either stick to a surface at the point of impact or flow along the surface in the direction of airflow. In the latter case they form a thin film of water, where surface tension forces them into rivulets. [1,4] While fixed-wing aircraft cruise at altitudes above where icing can occur, helicopters operate at altitudes where supercooled water droplets are known to occur (temperature range between −40 and 0 °C). [5] Aviation safety authorities demand to avoid flying into known icing conditions and, as an additional precaution, they enforce through certification, the equipment of ice protection systems (IPS) to all commercial aircraft. [6] IPS can provide either anti-icing, de-icing, or both countermeasures. [1,7] Thermal anti-icing describes a condition where all impinging water droplets are evaporated by a high-temperature surface. A de-icing countermeasure is one where ice is removed from a surface once it has reached a subjectively critical size. [7] Commercial airliners, for the most part, are equipped with thermal IPS that use hot air drawn from the compressor of their turbofan engines, which is diverted to critical surfaces Forward facing aerodynamic surfaces such as rotors and wings are susceptible to ice build-up when exposed to atmospheric icing conditions. If not removed, accumulated ice on aircraft surfaces affects aerodynamics or rotation balance, which can ultimately lead to increased fuel consumption, reduced operational performance and to potentially hazardous situations. Laser surface structuring is proposed as an alternative technology to coatings for achieving icephobic properties and support anti-icing and de-icing processes on aerodynamic surfaces. However, to authors' knowledge, no study available in the literature reports on the icing behavior of microtextured curved aerodynamic profiles and the effect of the laser surface treatment on the...

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Formation of multiscale surface structures on nickel via above surface growth and below surface growth mechanisms using femtosecond laser pulses

Cited by 125 publications

References 66 publications

Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures on Metals by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining

Fabrication of Micro/Nano Structures on Metals by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining

Effects of droplet diameter on the Leidenfrost temperature of laser processed multiscale structured surfaces

Self‐Limited Ice Formation and Efficient De‐Icing on Superhydrophobic Micro‐Structured Airfoils through Direct Laser Interference Patterning

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