“…Various chemical precursors have been detected for generating carbon dots, including ammonium citrate , ethylene glycol (Jaiswal et al 2012), citric acid (Schneider et al 2017), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) (Liu et al 2017a), phytic acid (Wang et al 2013d), phenylenediamine (Vedamalai et al 2014), thiourea (Wang et al 2016a), carbon nanotube (Shinde and Pillai 2012) and graphite (Joseph and Anappara 2017). Meanwhile, diverse green carbon precursors have been applied for the production of carbon dots including fruits, their juices and fruit peels (Mehta et al 2015), animal and animal-derived materials such as chicken egg (Zhang et al 2015c) and silkworm , vegetables and spices , waste kitchen materials like frying oil (Xu et al 2015) or waste paper (Wei et al 2014), plant leaves and derivatives ), among others. Additionally, graphite, nanodiamond, carbon nanotube and active-carbon can be applied as precursor for fabrication of carbon dots (Das et al 2018).…”