Formation of Dioxin in Industrial Combustors and Pyrometallurgical Plants

Buekens, Alfons; Stieglitz, L.; Huang, H.; Cornelis, Erwin

doi:10.1089/ees.1998.15.29

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A high-quality flue gas cleaning system must be used, regardless of the incineration temperature, because volatile exhaust gas components can also form dioxins after burning. 23 Particularly when compared with the enormous expense of incinerating HS waste at high temperature, which is often associated with long transport routes to suitable plants, local pre-treatment appears to offer a very reasonable alternative. This may be of particular interest in countries with a high proportion of HS waste.…”

Section: External Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of infectious waste management in European hospitals

Mühlich¹

2003

Journal of Hospital Infection

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Section: External Waste Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of infectious waste management in European hospitals

Mühlich¹

2003

Journal of Hospital Infection

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“…(Stieglitz et al 2003;Buekens et al 1998). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as PCDD/F, present a significant environmental impact as well as adverse health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron and copper catalysis of PCDD/F formation

Liao

Buekens

Olie

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) was explored during de novo tests designed to compare the catalytic activity of copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) with that of iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and to test some synergistic effect between these two catalytic compounds. Both copper chloride (CuCl2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) were earlier proposed as catalysts to explain the PCDD/F emissions from, e.g. municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). In addition, haematite (Fe2O3) is the main iron ore and could be responsible for the typical iron ore sintering plant fingerprint. A total of nine model fly ash (MFA) samples were prepared by mixing and grinding of sodium chloride (NaCl), activated carbon and a powder matrix of silica (SiO2) with the selected metal compound(s). The conditions of these de novo tests were 1 h in duration, 350 °C in a flow of synthetic combustion gas (10 vol.% oxygen in nitrogen). The effect of Fe-Cu catalyst concentration on yield and distribution pattern of PCDD/F was systematically explored; three strongly differing ratios of [Fe]:[Cu] were considered (1:1, 10:1 and 100:1) to study the potential interactions of Fe2O3 and CuCl2 suggested earlier. The results show some slight rise of PCDD/F formed with raising iron concentration from 0 to 10.1 wt% (no Cu added; 0.1 wt% Cu), as well as strong surging of both amount and average chlorination level of PCDD/F when rising amounts of copper (0 to 1.1 wt%) are introduced. The resulting fingerprints are compared with those from sintering and from MSWI.

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“…PCDDs/Fs have been detected as secondary residual products of municipal waste incinerators and as trace contaminants of combustion sources [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Similarly, the brominated aromatic compounds used to reinforce flame retardants in specific plastics have been known to form polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs/Fs) in the process of thermal stress or under insufficient combustion conditions [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%