Formation of carbonate chimneys in the Mediterranean Sea linked to deep-water oxygen depletion

Bayon, Germain; Dupré, Stéphanie; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; Étoubleau, Joël; Chéron, Sandrine; Cartigny, Pierre; Mascle, J.; Boetius, Antje; Lange, Gert J. de

doi:10.1038/ngeo1888

Cited by 111 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Geochemical proxies such as stable carbon isotope records of authigenic carbonates have been applied to evaluate the temporal variation of methane seep, owing to their very negative d 13 C (Peckmann and Thiel, 2004;Han et al, 2004Han et al, , 2008Han et al, , 2013Mazumdar et al, 2009Mazumdar et al, , 2011Bayon et al, 2009aBayon et al, , 2013Bayon et al, , 2015Cr emi ere et al, 2013;Tong et al, 2013;Tribovillard et al, 2013;Feng et al, 2014Feng et al, , 2015a. However, such carbonates are most intense at intermediate flow rates, and usually do not form in low and high flux conditions (Luff and Wallmann, 2003;Karaca et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea

Niu

Dong

Chen

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea

Niu

Dong

Chen

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…1) to analyze major, minor and trace elemental concentrations within bulk sediments obtained from XRF (X-ray fluorescence) scanning and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma spectrometry) measure- (Schmiedl et al, 2010); "buildups": 32 • 22 N, 31 • 42 E (1160 m water depth) (Bayon et al, 2013). (b) The present-day density anomaly transect along the dashed blue line at 34.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Holocene eastern Mediterranean Sea sediments contain an organic-rich sapropel S1 layer that was formed in oxygen-depleted waters. The spatial distribution of this layer revealed that during S1 deposition, deep waters were anoxic below a depth of 1800 m. However, whether this boundary permanently existed from the early to the mid-Holocene has not been examined yet. To answer this question, a multiproxy approach was applied to a core retrieved close to the 1800 m boundary (at 1780 m). We measured the bulk sediment elemental composition, the stable isotopic composition of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber and the abundance of benthic foraminifera since the last deglaciation. The result indicates that authigenic U and Mo accumulation began around 13-12 cal ka BP, in concert with surface water freshening estimated from the G. ruber δ 18 O record. The onset of bottom and pore water oxygen depletion occurred prior to S1 deposition inferred from barium enrichment. In the middle of the S1 deposition period, reduced authigenic V, Fe and As contents and the Br / Cl ratio indicated short-term bottom-water re-oxygenation. A sharp Mn peak and maximal abundance for benthic foraminifera marked a total recovery for circulation at approximately 7 cal ka BP. Based on our results and existing data, we suggest that S1 formation within the upper 1780 m of the eastern Mediterranean Sea was preconditioned by reduced ventilation, resulting from excess freshwater inputs due to insolation changes under deglacial conditions that initiated between 15 and 12 cal ka BP within the upper 1780 m. Short-term re-oxygenation in the Levantine Basin is estimated to have affected bottom water at least as deep as 1780 m in response to cooling and/or the reduction of freshwater inputs. We tentatively propose that complete ventilation recovery at the S1 termination was depth-dependent, with earlier oxygenation within the upper 1780 m. Our results provide new constraints on vertical water column structure in the eastern Mediterranean Sea since the last deglaciation.

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“…The systematic δ 13 C carb differences in authigenic carbonate due to its generation depth have also been recognized in some Phanerozoic geologic records; the δ 13 C carb values of Lower Triassic carbonate cements precipitated on the anoxic seafloor in California are relatively high (+2.8 to + 4.2 ‰) (Woods et al 1999), whereas those of early diagenetic subseafloor carbonates around the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in British Columbia are relatively low (−7.6 to −3.7 ‰) (Greene et al 2012). Certain authigenic carbonates have been generated by anaerobic oxidation of methane in the ancient and modern oceans (e.g., Ritger et al 1987;Michaelis et al 2002;Allison et al 2008;Bayon et al 2013), although a detailed discussion of methanederived carbonates is beyond the scope of this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Authigenic carbonate precipitation at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian) in China: Implications for the carbon cycle in ancient anoxic oceans

Saitoh

Ueno

Isozaki

et al. 2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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Carbonate precipitation is a major process in the global carbon cycle. It was recently proposed that authigenic carbonate (carbonate precipitated in situ at the sediment-water interface and/or within the sediment) played a major role in the carbon cycle throughout Earth's history. The carbon isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates in ancient oceans have been assumed to be significantly lower than that of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater, as is observed in the modern oceans. However, the δ 13 C carb values of authigenic carbonates in the past has not been analyzed in detail. Here, we report authigenic carbonates in the uppermost Guadalupian (Middle Permian) rocks at Chaotian, Sichuan, South China. Monocrystalline calcite crystals <20 mm long are common in the black mudstone/chert sequence that was deposited on a relatively deep anoxic slope/basin along the continental margin. Textures of the crystals indicate in situ precipitation on the seafloor and/or within the sediments. The calcite precipitation corresponds stratigraphically with denitrification and sulfate reduction in the anoxic deep-water mass, as indicated by previously reported nitrogen and sulfur isotope records, respectively. Relatively high δ 13C carb values of the authigenic carbonates (largely −1 ‰) compared with those of organic matter in the rocks (ca. −26 ‰) suggest that the main carbon source of the carbonates was DIC in the water column. The calcite crystals precipitated in an open system with respect to carbonate, possibly near the sediment-water interface rather than deep within the sediments. The δ 13C carb values of the carbonates were close to the δ 13 C DIC value of seawater due to mixing of 13 C-depleted remineralized organic carbon (that was released into the water column by the water-mass anaerobic respiration) with the large DIC pool in the oceans. Our results imply that δ 13 C carb values of authigenic carbonates in the anoxic oceans might have been systematically different from the values in the oxic oceans in Earth's history, controlled by the depth of the redoxcline in the water column and sediments. If our model is correct, authigenic carbonates with relatively high δ 13C carb values in the ancient anoxic oceans may have had a less substantial influence on the bulk δ 13C carb values in geologic records than has been previously suggested.

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Formation of carbonate chimneys in the Mediterranean Sea linked to deep-water oxygen depletion

Cited by 111 publications

References 32 publications

Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea

Using sediment geochemistry to infer temporal variation of methane flux at a cold seep in the South China Sea

Eastern Mediterranean Sea circulation inferred from the conditions of S1 sapropel deposition

Authigenic carbonate precipitation at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian) in China: Implications for the carbon cycle in ancient anoxic oceans

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