Formation of atmospheric particles from organic acids produced by forests

BVOCs: plant defense against climate warming?

“…These BVOCs generate large quantities of organic aerosols [35] that could affect climate significantly by forming cloud condensation nuclei. As a result, there should be a net cooling of the Earth's surface during the day because of radiation interception.…”

Atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOC) at a remote tropical forest site in central Amazonia

“…They can directly or indirectly increase the acidity of the atmosphere and provide the starting material for much of the natural atmospheric aerosol (Graedel, 1979;Altshuller, 1983;Yokouchi and Ambe, 1985;Trainer et al, 1987;Chameides et al, 1988;Warneck, 1988;Kotzias et al, 1989;Atkinson, 1990;Brasseur and Chat"eld, 1991;Pandis et al, 1991;Fehsenfeld et al, 1992;Andreae and Crutzen, 1997;Christo!ersen et al, 1998;Kavouras et al, 1998Kavouras et al, , 1999Calogirou et al, 1999). Having in mind this important role of VOCs, a detailed description of the atmospheric concentrations and the exchange processes on a local and regional scale as well as a better understanding of the biological production and the chemical fate of all these compounds in the atmosphere is urgently needed, especially in the tropics where our knowledge is poorest.…”

“…As a "rst step, concentration measurements of as many VOC species as possible will increase our knowledge signi"cantly, as atmospheric concentrations are the product of diverse factors such as biological sources or sinks, meteorology, chemical reactivity, and deposition. As oxidation products of some of these compounds, especially terpenoids, can condense into aerosol particles and form the bulk of the natural aerosol (Christo!ersen et al, 1998;Kavouras et al, 1998Kavouras et al, , 1999Calogirou et al, 1999) it is obvious that we need a detailed data set on the release of VOCs, covering as many hydrocarbon species as possible. Combining such directly measured emissions with atmospheric VOC concentrations, the loss of reactive VOC species into oxidation products and aerosols may be assessed.…”

Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview

“…Aromatic acids, particularly phthalic acid, have been thought to be secondary products of the oxidation of PAH, including naphthalene (Fraser et al 2003, Jang andMcDow 1997), while origins proposed for aliphatic dicarboxylic acids comprise the formation by photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic hydrocarbons and biogenic compounds, direct emission from combustion engines, or biomass combustion (Kubátová et al 2000 and references therein). Although dicarboxylic acids can be of primary or secondary origin, several studies have revealed contributions to SOA by dicarboxylic acids formed in situ during atmospheric aerosol processing (Glassius et al 2000, Kavouras et al 1998b, 1999c, Kawamura et al 1996. The dicarboxylic acids measured by Engling et al (2006) during the summer of 2002 in Yosemite National Park (CA, USA) showed a relatively large variability in concentrations throughout the study based on the weekly composite samples (1.3-11 ng m −3 for the sum of C 4 through C 14 dicarboxylic acids).…”

“…Among biogenic emissions from vegetation, 50 Tg of α-pinene are emitted per year, which is almost 45% of the estimated global annual emission of monoterpenes (Bhat and Fraser 2007). Terpene and isoprene oxidation products have been observed in aerosols in smog chamber studies and in the ambient atmosphere (Alves and Pio 2005, Alves et al 2000, 2006, Bhat and Fraser 2007, Böge et al 2006, Cahill et al 2006, Claeys et al 2004a, b, 2007, Clements and Seinfeld 2007, Edney et al 2003, Engling et al 2006, Herckes et al 2006, Jaoui and Kamens 2003, Jaoui et al 2005, Kavouras et al 1998b, c, Kavouras and Stephanou 2002a, b, Lewandowski et al 2007, Oliveira et al 2007b, Pio et al 2001a, b, Sheesley et al 2004, Spanke et al 2001, Yu et al 1999.…”