Formation and removal of genotoxic activity during UV/H2O2–GAC treatment of drinking water

Heringa, Minne B.; Harmsen, D.J.H.; Beerendonk, E.F.; Reus, Astrid A.; Krul, Cyrille; Metz, D.H.; Ijpelaar, G.F.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.008

Cited by 72 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Ames II test with strain TA98 without metabolic activation (-S9) was conducted on concentrated water samples extracted through SPE according to the method described by Heringa et al [18], yielding 20,000-fold concentrated extracts. Quality control of the Ames II test was ensured by the positive control (0.5 µg/mL 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide plus 2.0 µg/mL 2-nitrofluorene) and solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) control included in the assay.…”

Section: Ames Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of genotoxic compounds by medium pressure ultraviolet treatment of nitrate-rich water

Martijn

Boersma

Vervoort

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TGenotoxic compounds were produced by full-scale medium pressure (MP) ultraviolet hydrogen peroxide (UV/H 2 O 2 ) treatment of nitrate-rich pretreated surface water. It was hypothesized that this formation was caused by the reaction of nitrate photolysis intermediates with natural organic matter (NOM). An increase in the Ames test response was also found after MP UV photolysis of water containing Pony Lake NOM from the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) and nitrate, while no increase in the Ames test response was found when nitrate was absent. The same trend in an Ames test response and nitrite formation was observed for both nitrate-rich pretreated surface water and reconstituted water containing NOM and nitrate. Therefore, the conversion of nitrate by MP UV photolysis was studied in several water types. In organic-free water, nitrate was completely converted into nitrite, while no inorganic nitrogen was lost. Also in nitrate-rich surface water, nitrite was found as the only inorganic reaction product, while a small decrease of the inorganic nitrogen content was observed. When NOM was replaced by phenol, MP UV photolysis caused a restricted nitrite formation only, together with a large loss of inorganic nitrogen. The formation of the nitrated phenol derivatives, 2-and 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol, was observed with highest concentrations under practical UV conditions. It is hypothesized that the formation of nitrated aromatic compounds is the cause of the increased Ames test response by MP UV treatment.

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Section: Ames Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of genotoxic compounds by medium pressure ultraviolet treatment of nitrate-rich water

Martijn

Boersma

Vervoort

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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show abstract

“…There are some indications that genotoxic by-products are formed by irradiation of natural organic matter (NOM) (Heringa et al, 2011). As the path length of the UV irradiation through the water increases with increasing water depth, the irradiation becomes more "reactive," which is mathematically accounted for in the "water factor."…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior research at KWR Watercycle Research Institute (KWR) (Heringa et al, 2011) showed that application of UV/H 2 O 2 oxidation to water containing organic micro pollutants could result in the formation of by-products, which for example may cause genotoxicity. In order to study which process parameters are responsible for this genotoxicity, a UV-system operating under well-defined conditions would be desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Larger Volumes in a Collimated Beam Setup

Hofman-Caris

Harmsen

Wols

et al. 2012

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Research into the conversion of organic micropollutants revealed that with medium pressure (MP) UV-lamps, an increase in genotoxic activity in one of two tested bacterial strains in the Ames II test may be obtained. To study the factors that affect formation of genotoxic by-products, volumes ≥ 500 mL are required. It is possible to use a collimated beam (CB) setup with water layers up to 10 cm deep. Both photolysis as well as oxidation constants of model compounds tested in a water matrix containing NOM stayed constant, independent of the depth of the water layer applied.

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“…Previous research showed that application of UV/H 2 O 2 oxidation to water containing organic micropollutants may result in the formation of unwanted byproducts (Heringa et al 2011). As in a collimated beam (CB) setup, UV irradiation experiments can be carried out under well-defined conditions; this technique would be very suitable to study this formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Reaction Rate Constants in a Collimated Beam Setup: The Effect of Water Quality and Water Depth

Hofman-Caris

Harmsen

Wols

et al. 2014

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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UV/H 2 O 2 processes can be studied using a Collimated Beam (CB) setup. In UV dose calculations, the "water factor" accounts for changes in the irradiation spectrum upon its way through the aqueous solution. Analogous to the "germicidal factor," the "extinction factor" is introduced, correcting for the fact that resulting compounds will be subjected to an emission spectrum changing over the depth. Using the extinction factor, the fluence-based photolysis and oxidation rate constants of model compounds, as well as the quantum yield for nitrite formation, were found to be independent of the depth of the water layer applied.

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Formation and removal of genotoxic activity during UV/H2O2–GAC treatment of drinking water

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Formation of genotoxic compounds by medium pressure ultraviolet treatment of nitrate-rich water

Formation of genotoxic compounds by medium pressure ultraviolet treatment of nitrate-rich water

The Use of Larger Volumes in a Collimated Beam Setup

Determination of Reaction Rate Constants in a Collimated Beam Setup: The Effect of Water Quality and Water Depth

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