Formaldehyde allergy. The quantitative analysis of American clothing for free formaldehyde and its relevance in clinical practice

Schorr, W. F.

doi:10.1001/archderm.110.1.73

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…When sampled by flow-through air, measurments were 0.43 -8.75 micrograms/Liter (0.36 -7.3 ppm). This investig~tion found 1.78 -3.46 -mg/g (1780 -3460 ppm by weight} extractable forfr!aldehyde in bulk samples, levels withi'n range of other studies [15,24,40]. This study also found considerable reduction in measurable formaldehyde after sixty days of storage, consistant with other observations [26] .…”

Section: Review Of Scientific Literaturesupporting

confidence: 88%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-83-301-1478, Lion Uniform Company, Beattyville, Kentucky.

1984

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Section: Review Of Scientific Literaturesupporting

confidence: 88%

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-83-301-1478, Lion Uniform Company, Beattyville, Kentucky.

1984

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“…However, these authors, after quantitatively assaying clothing from the Netherlands, arbitrarily advised their patients not to wear those articles of clothing that contained more than 0.05% (500 ppm) of free formaldehyde. Presumably based on these studies, the threshold for ACD from textile finishes is often suggested to be 500–750 ppm free formaldehyde in the garment (8, 30), but we can safely say that nobody knows for sure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable‐press chemical finishes exist in the USA?

Groot¹,

Maibach

2010

Contact Dermatitis

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Recent US studies have presented case series of patient with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) allegedly caused by formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable-press chemical finishes (DPCF), which are known formaldehyde releasers. However, the amounts of formaldehyde released by modern DPCF are thought to be well below the levels previously estimated to be able to elicit ACD. The objectives of this review are (i) to investigate whether clothes sold in the USA may contain enough free formaldehyde to elicit ACD in previously sensitized individuals and (ii) to assess the validity of US reports on ACD from formaldehyde in DPCF treated clothes. Literature was examined using various resources. The threshold level for formaldehyde in clothes that may cause ACD in sensitized individuals is unknown; we present data suggesting that levels < 200 ppm will be safe for most patients and that textiles will rarely contain higher amounts. All US studies presenting patients with ACD from formaldehyde in clothes had some weaknesses and in no report was the diagnosis proven beyond doubt. Currently, there is no definite proof that textile ACD from formaldehyde in DPCF in the USA exists. Future research should be directed at establishing the elicitation threshold and the amounts of formaldehyde present in textiles.

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“…and 18 samples (16%) had a free formaldehyde content greater than 750 p.p.m. (15). By 1981 the US textile industry claimed that levels of formaldehyde release had decreased so that 100–200 p.p.m.…”

Section: Durable Press Chemical Finishes For Patch Testing (27)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde‐releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Formaldehyde‐releasers in clothes: durable press chemical finishes. Part 1

Groot

Coz²,

Lensen

et al. 2010

Contact Dermatitis

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This is one of a series of review articles on formaldehyde-releasers and their relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy and in this paper formaldehyde-releasers used as durable press chemical finishes (DPCF) in textiles are discussed. The literature on allergy to DPCF since 1980 is presented in two parts. Part 1 (this article) presents a short historical overview of the problems with formaldehyde in clothes and discusses the chemistry of durable press chemical finishes, legislation in various countries, and studies on the amount of formaldehyde present in clothes. In addition, the DPCF that have caused contact allergy are presented with CAS, synonyms, molecular formula, chemical structure, applications, and patch test studies. In the forthcoming part 2, the frequency of sensitization to DPCF, occupational contact sensitization, relevance of patch test reactions, and relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy will be reviewed, followed by a discussion of both parts of the article together.

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Formaldehyde allergy. The quantitative analysis of American clothing for free formaldehyde and its relevance in clinical practice

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-83-301-1478, Lion Uniform Company, Beattyville, Kentucky.

Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-83-301-1478, Lion Uniform Company, Beattyville, Kentucky.

Does allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde in clothes treated with durable‐press chemical finishes exist in the USA?

Formaldehyde‐releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Formaldehyde‐releasers in clothes: durable press chemical finishes. Part 1

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