Forest disturbances under climate change

Seidl, Rupert; Thom, Dominik; Kautz, Markus; Martín-Benito, Dario; Peltoniemi, Mikko; Vacchiano, Giorgio; Wild, Jan; Ascoli, Davide; Petr, Michal; Honkaniemi, Juha; Lexer, Manfred J.; Trotsiuk, Volodymyr; Mairota, Paola; Svoboda, Miroslav; Fabrika, Marek; Nagel, Thomas A.; Reyer, Christopher P. O.

doi:10.1038/nclimate3303

Cited by 1,675 publications

(1,134 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…One possible way to limit the negative consequences of ongoing changes of climate that negatively affect forests across Europe [79] is to increase their structural diversity. The selection system represents the silvicultural method that was developed to permanently maintain the uneven-aged, irregular structure of forest stands [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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Old-growth forests are a unique source of information for close-to-nature silviculture. In the National Nature Reserve Dobročský prales (Slovakia), a remnant of mixed old-growth forests of the Western Carpathians, we analyzed changes in tree species composition, stand structure, and creation and closure of canopy gaps. The results were based on data from forest inventories of an entire reserve conducted in 1978 and 2015, extended by detailed measurements in a research plot of 250 × 250 m. We observed the expansion of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) at the expense of conifers (Abies alba Mill., Picea abies L. Karst.) in all layers of the stand. Due to a lack of conifers in the category of saplings >130 cm and an abundance of coniferous deadwood, we hypothesize that this development will lead to the dominance of beech. All development stages revealed a reverse J-shaped diameter structure; however, they differed in the majority of basic stand characteristics (e.g., growing stock, basal area, tree density, deadwood volume). Most of the structural indices did not differ between development stages, confirming a relatively high degree of structural differentiation throughout the development cycle. The total gap area reached 18%, with the dominance of small gaps ≤100 m 2 . Nevertheless, only canopy gaps >100 m 2 formed by the mortality of three or more trees were of higher importance for the extensive establishment of natural regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Parobeková

Pittner

Kucbel

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…mabile (Seidl et al 2017). Inoltre, un tempo il territorio veniva coltivato e capillarmente gestito (si pensi al pascolo e sfalcio di vaste porzioni del territorio).…”

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Forest fires are changing: let’s change the fire management strategy

Bovio¹,

Marchetti²,

Tonarelli³

et al. 2017

Forest@

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Se non ci fossero le foreste non ci sarebbero gli incendi boschivi, il problema sarebbe risolto all'origine, e non dovremmo più confrontarci con incendi drammatici come quelli del giugno 2017 in Portogallo, o come quelli che stanno divampando in tutta Italia in questo luglio di fuoco. Tuttavia, non potendo rinunciare alle foreste e ai loro servizi fondamentali (protezione del suolo, biodiversità, turismo, energia, fornitura di materia prima rinnovabile) dobbiamo necessariamente confrontarci con il fuoco nei sistemi forestali e imparare a governare questo fenomeno partendo dalle sue radici, ovvero dalla conoscenza e dalla gestione dei boschi, delle foreste e delle altre terre boscate in dinamica evoluzione ed interazione con gli spazi rurali. Solo in questo modo potremo mitigare gli effetti di una nuova generazione di incendi.Rispetto al passato, il fenomeno incendi sta infatti cambiando perché l'ambiente forestale e le sue interazioni con il clima e la società hanno nuove connotazioni. La stagione incendi è sempre più lunga, ed eventi meteorologici estremi come ondate di calore e siccità sono più frequenti e aumentano lo stress idrico della vegetazione rendendola altamente infiam- it).Abstract: Forest fires are changing: let's change the fire management strategy. Forest fires in Italy are changing. More frequent heatwaves and drought increase the flammability of the vegetation; the abandonment of rural land produces 30.000 ha of newly afforested areas each year; and the wildland-urban interface is expanding with the sprawl of urbanized areas. However, forest fires are rarely understood and managed in their complexity. The public opinion is often misinformed on the causes and consequences of fires in the forest. Moreover, fire management relies almost exclusively on extinction and emergency response, resulting in high costs and limited efficacy versus extreme fire seasons. We advocate to increase the role and investments in wildfire prevention, which can be carried out by fuel-oriented silviculture, such as facilitating less flammable species or prescribed burning, in order to reduce the flammability of the vegetation and mitigate fire intensity in high-leverage areas. A centralized structure is necessary to implement such a strategy and coordinate the competences and actions of all local administrations and actors involved.

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“…Models have predicted hardwood expansion driven by climate change [33] and, given the lower susceptibility of hardwoods to wind storms, there could be a positive feedback into the disturbance regime such that windthrow damage would decline within hardwoods [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Windthrow Dynamics in Boreal Ontario: A Simulation of the Vulnerability of Several Stand Types across a Range of Wind Speeds

Anyomi

Mitchell

Perera

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:In Boreal North America, management approaches inspired by the variability in natural disturbances are expected to produce more resilient forests. Wind storms are recurrent within Boreal Ontario. The objective of this study was to simulate wind damage for common Boreal forest types for regular as well as extreme wind speeds. The ForestGALES_BC windthrow prediction model was used for these simulations. Input tree-level data were derived from permanent sample plot (PSP) data provided by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. PSPs were assigned to one of nine stand types: Balsam fir-, Jack pine-, Black spruce-, and hardwood-dominated stands, and, Jack pine-, spruce-, conifer-, hardwood-, and Red and White pine-mixed species stands. Morphological and biomechanical parameters for the major tree species were obtained from the literature. At 5 m/s, predicted windthrow ranged from 0 to 20%, with damage increasing to 2 to 90% for winds of 20 m/s and to 10 to 100% for winds of 40 m/s. Windthrow varied by forest stand type, with lower vulnerability within hardwoods. This is the first study to provide such broad simulations of windthrow vulnerability data for Boreal North America, and we believe this will benefit policy decisions regarding risk management and forest planning.

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Forest disturbances under climate change

Cited by 1,675 publications

References 89 publications

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Structural Diversity in a Mixed Spruce-Fir-Beech Old-Growth Forest Remnant of the Western Carpathians

Forest fires are changing: let’s change the fire management strategy

Windthrow Dynamics in Boreal Ontario: A Simulation of the Vulnerability of Several Stand Types across a Range of Wind Speeds

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