Forest decline in Europe; Development and possible causes

Krause, G. H. M.; Arndt, U.; Brandt, Christian; Bucher, J.B.; Kenk, G.; Matzner, Egbert

doi:10.1007/bf00284218

Cited by 111 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The phenomenon of fir dying has been observed not only in the Karkonosze Mts. but also in the whole natural range of this species (Bernadzki 1983;Krause et al 1986;Larsen 1986;Boratyński, Filipiak 1997;Rozenbergar et al 2007). In the 1990s fir recovered in many countries (Boncina et al 2002;Thomas et al 2002;Filipiak, Ufnalski 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) regeneration and restoration of the species in the Karkonosze Mountains

Dobrowolska¹

2008

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The main task of the study was to investigate the growth conditions of silver fir natural regeneration in the Karkonosze Mts. (Poland). The paper examines the quantity and quality of light reaching the forest floor in stands of different canopies. The aim of the study was also to define the optimal site conditions for silver fir planting under stand canopy. Data on the natural regeneration and stand structure of each investigated stand were collected on circular plots in a grid of 15 × 15 m in 1999 and 2000. Biometric measurements of fir plants planted under various stand canopies were done three times (May 1999(May , autumn 2000(May and 2001. It was found that the fir was not a dominant tree in all size classes from seedlings to saplings. Seedlings (both phases) of spruce, beech, sycamore and rowan occurred in all studied stands. The optimal conditions for fir development were found under larch canopy. That was demonstrated by the highest increment of height, diameter and offshoots. The worst conditions for fir growth were under beech and spruce canopy, which was indicated by the lowest diameter and height. The highest PAR was recorded under pine canopy, whereas the lowest one under beech canopy. Beech stand induced a lower R:FR ratio than the other tree species both on sunny and cloudy days. The highest R:FR ratio was found under the canopy of larch and pine stands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) regeneration and restoration of the species in the Karkonosze Mountains

Dobrowolska¹

2008

J. For. Sci.

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“…Decline in forest health has often been reported to be associated with indi vidual and interacting environmental stresses due to air pollution and climate changes (Ulrich and Pankrath, 1983;Schutt and Cowling, 1985;Krause et al, 1986;Schulze et al, 1989;McLaughlin and Downing, 1995). However, there is little direct evidence for such stresses in mature forest trees because of the lack of suitable assessment meth ods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment method for environmental stresses in trees using .DELTA.13C records of annual growth rings.

Sakata

Suzuki²

1998

Geochem. J.

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A method using 313C records of annual growth rings has been proposed for assessing environmental stresses in mature forest trees. First, we calculate the change with time in the difference (Ca-Ci) between the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and the leaf intercellular spaces from the 613C records in tree cellu lose based on a carbon isotope fractionation model for C3 plants. The Ca-Ci value is dependent primarily on the mesophyll capacity for photosynthesis and the supply of C02 through the stomata. Next, stomatal limitation of photosynthesis is evaluated from the ratio of ring area to Ca-Ci which is possibly indicative of leaf conductance. These parameters for the trees from a declining grove of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the Kanto Plain, Japan were suggested to respond sensitively to the changes in air pollution (mainly SO2) and/or dry atmospheric conditions. This method offers a potentially useful research tool for evaluating possible causes for forest decline.

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“…Forest decline has continued to spread and increase Because membrane dysfunction is considered to in severity in Europe and the USA (Blank, 1985; be the primary determinant of low temperature Krause et al, 1986). Although the underlying causes injury, damage to the cell membranes caused by O3 remain unresolved, there IS a widely held view that a would be expected to increase the sensitivity of complex combination of stresses is involved, in-plants to freezing injury (Levitt, 1972).…”

Section: Introduction Pollutant or Combination Of Pollutants Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ozone and soil magnesium status on the cold hardiness of loblolly pine (Finns taeda L.) seedlings

Edwards¹,

Pier²,

Kelly³

1990

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYOne-year-old half-sib loblolly pine {Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were planted in a sandy loam soil having approximately 15 or 35 mg kg~^ of exchangeable Mg and were exposed to subambient, ambient, or twice ambient (0-02, 0-05, or 0-09 fil Og l~\ respectively) concentrations of O3 in open-top chambers from April to October 1988. The cold hardiness of seedlings was tested on October 24, January 24, and March 21 by subjecting needle samples from the first and last growth flush to temperatures of -5, -10, -15, and -20°C and determining relative electrical conductivity of the difTusate. Seedlings exposed to twice ambient O,, levels during the growing season were less hardened in early autumn and spring than seedlings exposed to ambient or subambient levels of O.,, suggesting that O3 affects the plant's hardening and dehardening processes. Ozone and soil Mg treatments had no significant eflFects on visible injury of shoots following freezing treatments, nor were any visible symptoms of injury due to O3 evident during the study. Water potential components of excised shoots were estimated using pressurevolume analysis. Osmotic potentials became more negative over the dormant period, suggesting that solutes had accumulated in the cells as seedlings hardened. Seedlings grown in high Mg soil had less negative osmotic potentials m January and March than those grown in low Mg soil, suggesting that seedlings in high Mg soil were more susceptible to cold temperatures, probably due to greater physiological activity.

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Forest decline in Europe; Development and possible causes

Cited by 111 publications

References 30 publications

Growth and development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) regeneration and restoration of the species in the Karkonosze Mountains

Growth and development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) regeneration and restoration of the species in the Karkonosze Mountains

Assessment method for environmental stresses in trees using .DELTA.13C records of annual growth rings.

Influence of ozone and soil magnesium status on the cold hardiness of loblolly pine (Finns taeda L.) seedlings

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