Forensic Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Hopanes in Aerosols from Peninsular Malaysia

Bahry, Pourya Shahpoury; Zakaria, Mohamad Pauzi; Abdullah, Ahmad Makmom Bin; Abdullah, Dzulkefly Kuang; Sakari, Mahyar; Chandru, Kuhan; Shahbazi, Azadeh

doi:10.1080/15275920903140387

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Due to their resistance to degradation processes, especially when bound to particles, they are transported over long distances and could be identified even in remote areas [ 12 ]. Several studies have shown that motor vehicle emissions contribute to PAHs pollution in urban areas [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] especially high-molecular weight particulate PAHs, which are primarily present in PM 2.5 [ 18 ]. Several studies conducted in the Klang Valley also indicated the contribution of motor vehicle emissions to PAHs concentration [ 10 , 11 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia

Hisamuddin

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study aimed to investigate the association between particulate PAHs exposure and DNA damage in Malaysian schoolchildren in heavy traffic (HT) and low traffic (LT) areas. PAH samples at eight schools were collected using a low volume sampler for 24 h and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Two hundred and twenty-eight buccal cells of children were assessed for DNA damage using Comet Assay. Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to determine incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and to check the uncertainty and sensitivity of the estimated risk. Total PAH concentrations in the schools in HT area were higher than LT area ranging from 4.4 to 5.76 ng m−3 and 1.36 to 3.79 ng m−3, respectively. The source diagnostic ratio showed that PAHs in the HT area is pyrogenic, mainly from diesel emission. The 95th percentile of the ILCR for children in HT and LT area were 2.80 × 10−7 and 1.43 × 10−7, respectively. The degree of DNA damage was significantly more severe in children in the HT group compared to LT group. This study shows that total indoor PAH exposure was the most significant factor that influenced the DNA damage among children. Further investigation of the relationship between PAH exposure and genomic integrity in children is required to shed additional light on potential health risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia

Hisamuddin

Jalaludin

Bakar

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Rogge et al (1993) (Rogge et al 1993b) recorded similar ratios for gasoline (0.57) and diesel exhaust (0.59), which are consistent with the ndings of this study. Furthermore, the C 31 -C 35 /C 30 ratio provides additional information for determining the source of airborne particles (Alves et al 2017, Bahry et al 2009, Zakaria et al 2002, Zhang et al 2017. Except for high-rank (anthracite) coal, C 29 αβ/C 30 αβ ratios >1 were recorded for both residential and industrial coal burning, while vehicle exhausts had values of 0.42-0.59 (Han et al 2015).…”

Section: Figure S2 (Supplementary Section) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results, therefore, support that tra c-related emissions are the primary sources of hopanes and steranes. The mixture of lubricating oil from automobiles and street dust and soot particles, and their subsequent re-suspension, according to Bahry et al (2009), is likely to be a signi cant source of atmospheric hopanes.…”

Section: Figure S2 (Supplementary Section) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing the diagnostic ratios (DRs) of commonly occurring organic organisms' pairs can lead to the characterization of organic pollutant sources' variation (Ravindra et al 2008). Hence, there was a broad application of molecular DRs to qualitatively de ne the sources of air pollutants (Azimi et al 2018, Bahry et al 2009, Omar et al 2007). However, these ratios should be used with caution due to the variations in pollution sources and the decomposition of most of the organic-based contaminants within the atmosphere due to their reactions with the oxidants present in the atmosphere (Moeinaddini et al 2014a, Zakaria et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the concentration levels, distribution patterns, source identification and health risk assessment of PAHs, n-alkanes, hopanes, and steranes in deposited dust of Mashhad, Iran

Mahdad

Bakhtiari

Moeinaddini

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Deposited dust (DD) in urban environments contains carcinogenic organic compounds. The Indoor air quality is greatly affected by heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), and in the Middle East most of the buildings are equipped by HVAC on top of them. It is possible that the DD on the roof near this equipment would be transferred to an indoor area. For these reasons, 40 samples of the over the roof DD were prepared, and organic compounds (16PAH compounds, 20n-alkane homologs, 8hopanes, and 6steranes) of DD were extracted using Soxhlet and analyzed by GC-MS. Source identification of organic compounds conducted by ring classification, diagnostic ratios, and factor analysis (FA). The results showed that the average (±SD) of total PAHs, n-alkanes, hopanes and steranes in DD were 1356.00 (±291.45) ng kg−1dw, 3211.65 (±969.18), 146.37 (±79.45) and 469.76 (±188.25) µg.g_1dw, respectively. The highest concentration of organic compounds was in the city center, where traffic congestion is common. Diagnostic ratios of n-alkanes results showed the dominant source is vehicular emission. FA results indicated vehicular emission and biogenic sources. In agreement, the results of sterane and hopane profiles confirm these results. On the other hand, the PAHs diagnostic ratios results indicated petroleum combustion sources. In this regard, FA findings showed combustion from vehicular emission and natural gas and wood combustion were the main factors. Furthermore, the incremental lifetime cancer risk was calculated as 8.45× 10−12 for children and 9.80 × 10−7 for adults, and the imposed risk was negligible.

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“…Many studies have been conducted by researchers around the world for identifying the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in atmosphere, water column, sediment, soil as well as in organisms. Malaysia is not exempted as studies have had carried out on evaluating the current status of PAHs in the environment [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to [7], Malaysia has transformed its development strategy in order to accommodate the world's market demands which from the agricultural-based economy to manufacturing industries in the 1990s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Forensic Techniques in Identifying the Sources of 16 USEPA Priority Pollutants Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia

Tahir

Juahir

Zakaria

et al. 2018

IJET

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Twenty-two surface sediment samples were collected from the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia in January 2010. The concentration of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were determined and quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). The 16 PAHs concentration ranged from 37.91 to 299.68 ng/g dry weight and are within low to moderate pollution range. Cluster analysis showed that SL08, SL09, SL10, SL15 and SL22 can be discriminated as having high pollution loading PAHs due to industrialized region and shipping boat traffic. In this work, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and PCA association with Multiple Linear Regressions (PCA-MLR) to identify and apportion possible sources of PAHs. Three sources of PAHs were identified: (1) traffic emission (91.57%); (2) coal or wood combustion (6.63%); and (3) spillage of petroleum based products (1.80%). Langat River is highly contaminated by PAHs from pyrogenic sources, in particular 4 rings PAHs (28.87-79.52%) and 5 to 6 rings PAHs (2.69-57.44%).

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Forensic Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Hopanes in Aerosols from Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia

The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia

Investigating the concentration levels, distribution patterns, source identification and health risk assessment of PAHs, n-alkanes, hopanes, and steranes in deposited dust of Mashhad, Iran

Environmental Forensic Techniques in Identifying the Sources of 16 USEPA Priority Pollutants Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the Langat River, Selangor, Malaysia

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