Forelimb and hindlimb stepping by the anesthetized rat elicited by electrical stimulation of the pons and medulla☆

Ross, Glenn S.; Sinnamon, Harry M.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90100-8

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is consistent with recent findings from human studies using DBS for treatment of FOG, where it has been suggested that the most effective targets are within the CnF and subcuneiform regions instead of the PPN (Piallat et al, 2009; Alam et al, 2011). This conclusion is in agreement with many previous animal studies (Shik et al, 1966; Ross and Sinnamon, 1984; Steeves and Jordan, 1984; Milner and Mogenson, 1988; Coles et al, 1989; Mori et al, 1989; Jordan, 1998; Takakusaki et al, 2016). A recent trans-synaptic tracing study also implicates the CnF (Xiang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Noga

Sánchez

Villamil

et al. 2017

Front. Neural Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oscillatory rhythms in local field potentials (LFPs) are thought to coherently bind cooperating neuronal ensembles to produce behaviors, including locomotion. LFPs recorded from sites that trigger locomotion have been used as a basis for identification of appropriate targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to enhance locomotor recovery in patients with gait disorders. Theta band activity (6–12 Hz) is associated with locomotor activity in locomotion-inducing sites in the hypothalamus and in the hippocampus, but the LFPs that occur in the functionally defined mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) during locomotion have not been determined. Here we record the oscillatory activity during treadmill locomotion in MLR sites effective for inducing locomotion with electrical stimulation in rats. The results show the presence of oscillatory theta rhythms in the LFPs recorded from the most effective MLR stimulus sites (at threshold ≤60 μA). Theta activity increased at the onset of locomotion, and its power was correlated with the speed of locomotion. In animals with higher thresholds (>60 μA), the correlation between locomotor speed and theta LFP oscillations was less robust. Changes in the gamma band (previously recorded in vitro in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), thought to be a part of the MLR) were relatively small. Controlled locomotion was best achieved at 10–20 Hz frequencies of MLR stimulation. Our results indicate that theta and not delta or gamma band oscillation is a suitable biomarker for identifying the functional MLR sites.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Noga

Sánchez

Villamil

et al. 2017

Front. Neural Circuits

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is possibly a rodent (and model)-specific feature, since the lateral placement of our 30-day ventral pontine tegmentum lesion anatomically obliterates the rodent hindlimb control region, while the forelimb neuronal tracts are located more medially in the rodent brainstem. 81,107 Also, the lateral pons-brainstem contains cerebropontocerebellar projections that link hindlimb control regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum together to form the largest sensorimotor structure within the mammalian brain. 92 Therefore any obliteration along these neural tracts could lead to lasting hindlimb deficits, similar to those found after cerebellar hemorrhage in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hematoma consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a rat model of pontine hemorrhage

Lekic¹,

Rolland²,

Manaenko³

et al. 2013

JNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) represents approximately 7% of all intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and is a clinical condition of which little is known. The aim of this study was to characterize the early brain injury, neurobehavioral outcome, and long-term histopathology in a novel preclinical rat model of PPH. Methods The authors stereotactically infused collagenase (Type VII) into the ventral pontine tegmentum of the rats, in accordance with the most commonly affected clinical region. Measures of cerebrovascular permeability (brain water content, hemoglobin assay, Evans blue, collagen Type IV, ZO-1, and MMP-2 and MMP-9) and neurological deficit were quantified at 24 hours postinfusion (Experiment 1). Functional outcome was measured over a 30-day period using a vertebrobasilar scale (the modified Voetsch score), open field, wire suspension, beam balance, and inclined-plane tests (Experiment 2). Neurocognitive ability was determined at Week 3 using the rotarod (motor learning), T-maze (working memory), and water maze (spatial learning and memory) (Experiment 3), followed by histopathological analysis 1 week later (Experiment 4). Results Stereotactic collagenase infusion caused dose-dependent elevations in hematoma volume, brain edema, neurological deficit, and blood-brain barrier rupture, while physiological variables remained stable. Functional outcomes mostly normalized by Week 3, whereas neurocognitive deficits paralleled the cystic cavitary lesion at 30 days. Obstructive hydrocephalus did not develop despite a clinically relevant 30-day mortality rate (approximately 54%). Conclusions These results suggest that the model can mimic several translational aspects of pontine hemorrhage in humans and can be used in the evaluation of potential preclinical therapeutic interventions.

show abstract

“…Indeed, serotonin facilitates locomotion in vertebrates by actions at caudal brainstem and spinal levels (Cazalets et al, 1992;Grillner et al, 1987;Harris-Warrick and Cohen, 1985), eVects that may involve potentiation of the Wring rates of reticulospinal neurons in the presence of excitatory input (Viana Di Prisco et al, 1992). Stimulation of reticulospinal neurons can induce locomotion in vertebrates (Grillner et al, 1988;Ross and Sinnamon, 1984) and, at least in the lamprey model, serotonergic Wbers appear to be in direct synaptic contact with locomotion-inducing reticulospinal neurons (Di Prisco et al, 1994). Whether or not CRF-induced increases in rhythmic locomotion in vertebrates involve interactions with these medullary and spinal serotonergic signaling pathways remains an interesting question for future studies.…”

Section: A Role For Brainstem Serotonergic Systems In Crf-induced Modmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of behavioral responses by corticotropin-releasing factor

Lowry

Moore

2006

General and Comparative Endocrinology

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forelimb and hindlimb stepping by the anesthetized rat elicited by electrical stimulation of the pons and medulla☆

Cited by 58 publications

References 36 publications

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

LFP Oscillations in the Mesencephalic Locomotor Region during Voluntary Locomotion

Evaluation of the hematoma consequences, neurobehavioral profiles, and histopathology in a rat model of pontine hemorrhage

Regulation of behavioral responses by corticotropin-releasing factor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About