Forced imbibition into a limestone: measuring P‐wave velocity and water saturation dependence on injection rate

Lopes, Sofia; Lebedev, Maxim; Müller, Tobias M.; Clennell, Michael B.; Gurevich, Boris

doi:10.1111/1365-2478.12111

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The second important difference is that the time scale for this experiment is much longer (2.5 h compared to 6 min). The fact that imbibition was much faster in the Saint-Maximin compared to the Savonnieres can be attributed to a difference in their microstructure, which impacts their macroscopic properties such as permeability (40 times lower for Savonnières) and therefore the balance between capillary and gravity forces [18]. Here five noticeable imbibition stages were selected for further analysis, and the following observations can be made:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

et al. 2015

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(2015) Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods. Front. Phys. 3:53. doi: 10.3389/fphy.2015.00053 Detection of moving capillary front i porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods Several methods are compared for the detection of moving capillary fronts in spontaneous imbibition experiments where water invades dry porous rocks. These methods are: (i) the continuous monitoring of the mass increase during imbibition, (ii) the imaging of the water front motion using X-ray CT scanning, (iii) the use of ultrasonic measurements allowing the detection of velocity, amplitude and spectral content of the propagating elastic waves, and (iv) the combined use of X-ray CT scanning and ultrasonic monitoring. It is shown that the properties of capillary fronts depend on the heterogeneity of the rocks, and that the information derived from each method on the dynamics of capillary motion can be significantly different. One important result from the direct comparison of the moving capillary front position and the P wave attributes is that the wave amplitude is strongly impacted before the capillary front reaches the sensors, in contrast with the velocity change which is concomitant with the fluid front arrival in the sensors plane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Savonnières limestone is a relatively homogeneous clean biogenic limestone (98% of calcite) with a porosity of 31.6% and a moderate permeability of 51.2 mD. The tested plug came from the same block used by Lopes et al [18] and Pimienta et al [19]. Both samples were cored in the direction parallel to bedding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

et al. 2015

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“…The flow regime of imbibition processes is determined by the balance between viscous, gravitational, and capillary forces (Lopes et al, ; Riaz et al, ). The injection rate is a crucial parameter because it affects the relation between these forces and, thus, it partly determines the evolution of the saturation field within the porous sample (Helmig et al, ).…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Forced Imbibition Processes and the Associated Seismic Attenuation in Heterogeneous Porous Rocks

et al. 2017

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Quantifying seismic attenuation during laboratory imbibition experiments can provide useful information toward the use of seismic waves for monitoring injection and extraction of fluids in the Earth's crust. However, a deeper understanding of the physical causes producing the observed attenuation is needed for this purpose. In this work, we analyze seismic attenuation due to mesoscopic wave‐induced fluid flow (WIFF) produced by realistic fluid distributions representative of imbibition experiments. To do so, we first perform two‐phase flow simulations in a heterogeneous rock sample to emulate a forced imbibition experiment. We then select a subsample of the considered rock containing the resulting time‐dependent saturation fields and apply a numerical upscaling procedure to compute the associated seismic attenuation. By exploring both saturation distributions and seismic attenuation, we observe that two manifestations of WIFF arise during imbibition experiments: the first one is produced by the compressibility contrast associated with the saturation front, whereas the second one is due to the presence of patches containing very high amounts of water that are located behind the saturation front. We demonstrate that while the former process is expected to play a significant role in the case of high injection rates, which are associated with viscous‐dominated imbibition processes, the latter becomes predominant during capillary‐dominated processes, that is, for relatively low injection rates. We conclude that this kind of joint numerical analysis constitutes a useful tool for improving our understanding of the physical mechanisms producing seismic attenuation during laboratory imbibition experiments.

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“…We apply the CCRM model to interpret the experimental data of Lopes et al (2014). In this laboratory experiment, forced water imbibition into a limestone core sample is monitored by ultrasonic measurements and X-ray computed tomography.…”

Section: Laboratory Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating capillarity into models for P-wave attenuation and dispersion in partially saturated rocks

Müller

Rubino

2014

SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014

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Quantifying seismic attenuation in reservoir rocks saturated with two fluid phases can be relevant for time-lapse data interpretation. A major source of seismic attenuation arises from wave-induced pressure diffusion across mesoscopic fluid patches. Though it seems plausible that capillary forces play a role in fluid patch formation and evolution during reservoir production, their influence on acoustic signatures remain unclear. The objective of this work is to study the capillary effect on P-wave attenuation and dispersion associated with oscillatory pressure diffusion. For this purpose we develop a 1D periodic and a 3D random, capillarity-extended patchy saturation models. These models are based on the quasi-static Biot poroelasticity equations and involve a modified pressure continuity boundary condition arising in the presence of capillarity. We find that capillarity results in a decay of wave-induced pressure gradient and relative fluid-solid displacement. This leads to a decrease of P-wave attenuation and dispersion. We use the 3D random capillarity-extended patchy saturation model to give a consistent interpretation of velocity-and attenuationsaturation relations obtained from laboratory measurements wherein a small capillary number suggests a strong influence of capillarity in fluid patch formation. The discrepancy between the conventional and capillarity-extended patchy saturation models tends to be significant at low frequencies and might be therefore relevant for interpretation of attenuation in the seismic frequency band.

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Forced imbibition into a limestone: measuring P‐wave velocity and water saturation dependence on injection rate

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

Modeling Forced Imbibition Processes and the Associated Seismic Attenuation in Heterogeneous Porous Rocks

Incorporating capillarity into models for P-wave attenuation and dispersion in partially saturated rocks

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